Spartial and Seasonal Variations in Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment of Kisumu City Bay of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria-Kenya

Kwach, Bowa O.; Lalah, Joseph O.; Shem, Wandiga O.

doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9830-5

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the dry season, the concentration of TPAHs decreased gradually from southwest to northeast, with low concentrations of TPAHs near the boundary of the northeast. The spatial distribution of PAHs was similar to that from Tamamura et al (2009), although contrary to the results of Tian et al (2014) and Kwach et al (2009). The different spatial distribution of PAHs might generally be attributed to: 1) Seasonal effects, for example, in the wet season (June-September) PAHs were predominantly originating from street surface runoff, industrial discharges, and runoff from rural deposition of transported residues in combustion, while in the dry seasons, PAHs were mainly derived from the deposition of air particles (Zhao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Distribution Of Pahscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Spatial distribution and sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China

et al. 2017

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The aquatic ecosystem maybe significantly affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released from fresh water sediments. In order to protect biodiversity, the spatial distribution and sources of PAHs in the sediment of Wolong Lake in Northeast China were studied. A total of 17 surface sediment samples were collected and 12 PAHs were analyzed. The results were as follows. The concentration of total PAHs (TPAHs) ranged between 1412.9 μg/kg and 3948.3 μg/kg (dry weight). Indeno [1, 2, 3-c, d] pyrene was the dominant contaminant which accounted for 87%-98% of TPAHs. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis showed that biomass combustion and vehicle emissions were likely to be the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment. PAHs can be considered safe in the context of environmental and human health protection, based on the overall toxicity. Individual PAHs were positively correlated with total organic carbons. These results will be helpful to control PAHs and protect the aquatic ecosystem in the lake.

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Section: Distribution Of Pahscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Spatial distribution and sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China

et al. 2017

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“…The prolific and aggressive character of water hyacinth is most pronounced in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria whose drainage basin includes large areas of intensive agriculture and urban areas, both of which are important sources for eutrophication (Gikuma-Njuru et al 2010;Kwach et al 2009;Opande et al 2004). The thick mats formed by the weed have reduced light and oxygen in the lake, which has significantly the primary production of the plankton community (Williams and Hecky 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Potential Link Between El Nino and Water Hyacinth Blooms in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, East Africa: Evidence from Satellite Imagery

Kiage

Obuoyo

2011

Water Resour Manage

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This study evaluates the link between the occurrence of El Nino events in East Africa and water hyacinth blooms in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria using remote sensing technology. A time-series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analyzed from data acquired by the multispectral Aqua/Terra sensors aboard the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite are used to monitor areal extent and density of the aquatic plants. We related the NDVI derived from MODIS imagery to data on El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO) events that were obtained from NOAA and rainfall data from the study site. Our results from the 11-year time-series data show a statistically significant positive correlation (R=0.6, P=0.021) between the occurrence of El Niño events and water hyacinth blooms in Winam Gulf. The proliferation of water hyacinth rafts in Winam Gulf may be a response to dramatic environmental and water quality changes in Lake Victoria. The patterns of impact of ENSO events and rainfall show spatial and temporal variation patterns in the region, depending on the time and space evolution of each individual ENSO event that could explain the differences in general patterns of water hyacinth cover in Lake Victoria during different El Niño events. Although the problems eutrophication and water hyacinth are severe in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria some of the solutions to the problem are located several hundreds of kilometers away in the rich agricultural farmlands of the Lake Victoria catchment area. These include better land management practices and strategies aimed at limiting pollution and soil erosion within the lake's drainage basin.

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“…The high levels of urbanization, industrialization and the large number of human settlements on the shores of L. Victoria has led to its inevitable pollution by both legacy and contaminants of emerging concern [30,31]. With a long retention time (23 years) and a flushing time of 123 years [29], various studies have found contaminants such as microplastics [30,[32][33][34][35], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [36][37][38], per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances [39][40][41], active pharmaceutical ingredients and personal care products [42], agrochemicals [43], HMs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, alternative flame retardants [44,45] and cyanotoxins [46][47][48] in the water and fish from L. Victoria. Despite the foregoing studies, there is paucity of reports on the HM contamination of sediments from fish landing sites and ports on the Ugandan portion of L. Victoria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Contamination of Sediments from an Exoreic African Great Lakes’ Shores (Port Bell, Lake Victoria), Uganda

et al. 2022

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Lake Victoria (L. Victoria) is the largest African tropical and freshwater lake, with one of the highest pollution levels, globally. It is shared among Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, but it is drained only by the river Nile, the longest river in Africa. Though environmental studies have been conducted in the lake, investigations of the heavy metals (HMs) contamination of sediments from fish landing sites and ports on the Ugandan portion of L. Victoria are limited. In this study, sediments of an urban, industrial and fish landing site (Port Bell) on L. Victoria, Uganda was investigated to establish its HMs pollution levels and potential health risks to humans and ecosystems. Sediment samples were collected in triplicate (n = 9) from three different points of Port Bell, digested and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry for the presence of these HMs: copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr). The average daily dose through dermal contact and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated to assess the health risk that is associated with dredging works (lake sand mining). Four geochemical enrichment indices: contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk (PERI) were used to quantify the contamination of the HMs in the sediments. The results showed that the mean HM content of the samples ranged from: 6.111 ± 0.01 to 7.111 ± 0.002 mg/kg for Cu; from 40.222 ± 0.003 to 44.212 ± 0.002 mg/kg for Pb; from 0.352 ± 0.007 to 0.522 ± 0.010 mg/kg for Cr; from 3.002 ± 0.002 to 3.453 ± 0.003 mg/kg for Cd. Health risk assessments indicated that there are no discernible non-carcinogenic health risks that could arise from the dredging works that are conducted in the study area as the indices were all below one. The contamination factors that were obtained suggest that Cd has reached a state of severe enrichment in the sediments (CF > 6). An assessment using Igeo established that the sediments were not contaminated with regards to Cu and Cr, but they exhibited low-to-median and median contamination with respect to Pb and Cd, respectively. Though the pollution load indices show that the contamination levels raise no serious concerns, the potential ecological risk indices show that there is considerable pollution of the Port Bell sediments, particularly with regard to Cd. Upon examination using multivariate statistical analyses, Cd and Cr showed a strong correlation which alluded to their introduction from anthropogenic sources. Based on the sedimentary HMs concentrations and the environmental indices that are employed in this study, it is recommended that the spatial variations in the concentrations of the HMs in water, sediments and biota should be monitored.

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Spartial and Seasonal Variations in Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment of Kisumu City Bay of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria-Kenya

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial distribution and sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China

Spatial distribution and sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China

The Potential Link Between El Nino and Water Hyacinth Blooms in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, East Africa: Evidence from Satellite Imagery

Heavy Metal Contamination of Sediments from an Exoreic African Great Lakes’ Shores (Port Bell, Lake Victoria), Uganda

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