Sparsity Promoting Frequency Sampling Method for Estimation of Displacement and Self-Mixing Interferometry Parameters

Khan, Junaid Iqbal; Zabit, Usman

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3060740

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…SMI occurs when a laser beam is reflected back into the laser cavity by an external reflector, causing interference within the cavity. To date, SMI has been widely applied to measure various parameters, including velocity [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], displacement [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], angles [ 9 , 10 ], thickness [ 11 , 12 ], and absolute distance [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], as well as in biomedicine applications [ 17 , 18 ] and laser parameter assessments [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement Sensing for Laser Self-Mixing Interferometry by Amplitude Modulation and Integral Reconstruction

Huang,

Lai,

Chen

2024

Sensors

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To robustly and adaptively reconstruct displacement, we propose the amplitude modulation integral reconstruction method (AM-IRM) for displacement sensing in a self-mixing interferometry (SMI) system. By algebraically multiplying the SMI signal with a high-frequency sinusoidal carrier, the frequency spectrum of the signal is shifted to that of the carrier. This operation overcomes the issue of frequency blurring in low-frequency signals associated with continuous wavelet transform (CWT), enabling the precise extraction of the Doppler frequency of the SMI signal. Furthermore, the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SSWT) is utilized to enhance the frequency resolution of the Doppler signal. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a displacement reconstruction accuracy of 21.1 nm (0.89%). Additionally, our simulations demonstrated that this method can accurately reconstruct target displacement under the conditions of time-varying optical feedback intensity or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB, with a maximum root mean square (RMS) error of 22.2 nm. These results highlight its applicability in real-world environments. This method eliminates the need to manually determine the window length for time–frequency conversion, calculate the parameters of the SMI system, or add additional optical devices, making it easy to implement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement Sensing for Laser Self-Mixing Interferometry by Amplitude Modulation and Integral Reconstruction

Huang,

Lai,

Chen

2024

Sensors

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“…For a laser self-mixing velocimeter, the signal's frequency was the value of the Doppler frequency fD if the measured speed and the laser wavelength were constant and its spectrum contained only one frequency around fD. Thus, the speed could be retrieved from the frequency of the obtained signal via fringe-counting according to the Doppler effect [6][7][8][9]. Not only the speed, but also the distance from the laser to a target needed to be measured to monitor the parts' thicknesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of monitoring thickness and speed of cylindrical part based on laser self-mixing interference in a single-channel system during external grinding

Sun,

Yang,

Feng

et al. 2023

Second International Conference on Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering (OICE 2023)

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We design a simultaneous measurement of the thickness and speed to monitor mechanical cylindrical parts during external grinding based on a laser self-mixing interference in a single-channel system. If the wavelength is modulated via the laser-injecting-current to generate a frequency shifting corresponding to the rising- and falling- edge of the triangular modulated function. The Doppler frequency caused by the cylindrical part is split into rising- and falling- edge frequencies by the frequency shifting due to wavelength variations. The expressions of the measurement are derived via the derivative of the phase’s polynomial based on the emission-intensity expressions. The frequency shifting is related to the modulation function and the thickness of the cylindrical part. The rising- and falling- edge frequencies of the laser self-mixing interference obtained from the spectrum are used for calculating the Doppler frequency and the frequency shifting for estimating the thickness and the rotation speed of a cylindrical part during external grinding and the results show a good standard derivation less than 10−3 .

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“…This configuration reflects a minimum part-count scheme, which is useful for engineering implementation. SMI-based sensing and detection have been developed for different applications such as the measurement of displacement [10,11], distance [12][13][14], speed [15,16], mechanical parameters of materials [17,18], laser parameters [19,20], angle [21,22], acoustic field [23][24][25], biomedical signals [26][27][28], the characterization of micro-machined silicon gyroscopes [29], and monitoring plasma accumulation in laser ablation [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing by Dynamics of Lasers with External Optical Feedback: A Review

Liu

Jiang

2022

Photonics

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External optical feedback (EOF) has great impacts on the properties of lasers. It influences the stable operation of lasers. However, various applications based on lasers with EOF have been developed. One typical example is self-mixing interferometry technology, where modulated steady-state laser intensity is utilized for sensing and measurement. Other works show that laser dynamics can also be used for sensing, and the laser in this case is more sensitive to EOF. This paper reviews the sensing technology that uses the dynamics of lasers with EOF. We firstly introduce the basic operating principles of a laser with EOF and discuss the noise properties of and intensity modification in lasers induced by EOF. Then, sensing applications using laser dynamics are categorized and presented, including sensing by frequency-shifted optical feedback, relaxation oscillation frequency, and dynamics with self-mixing interferometry signals and laser optical chaos. Lastly, we present an analysis of the transient response waveform and spectrum of a laser with EOF, showing its potential for sensing.

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Sparsity Promoting Frequency Sampling Method for Estimation of Displacement and Self-Mixing Interferometry Parameters

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Displacement Sensing for Laser Self-Mixing Interferometry by Amplitude Modulation and Integral Reconstruction

Displacement Sensing for Laser Self-Mixing Interferometry by Amplitude Modulation and Integral Reconstruction

Design of monitoring thickness and speed of cylindrical part based on laser self-mixing interference in a single-channel system during external grinding

Sensing by Dynamics of Lasers with External Optical Feedback: A Review

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