This paper discusses the research of privacy protection based on network traffic data. Firstly, the concept and collection method of network traffic data are introduced, and the method of collecting network traffic data by intelligent identification algorithm is proposed, so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of data collection. Then, aiming at the privacy protection of network traffic data, a privacy protection scheme based on desensitization algorithm is proposed. The scheme uses chaotic cryptography, homomorphic encryption and differential privacy to ensure the privacy and security of data. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the scheme are illustrated by the conclusion, which provides a new solution for the privacy protection of network traffic data.