Sparkling hot spots in perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

Li, Weiqi; Huang, Keqing; Chang, Jianhui; Hu, Caiqi; Long, Caoyu; Zhou, Hai; Maldague, Xavier; Liu, Biao; Meng, Jianqiao; Duan, Yuxia; Yang, Junliang

doi:10.1016/j.chphma.2021.10.001

ChemPhysMater

2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.chphma.2021.10.001

|View full text |Cite

Sparkling hot spots in perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

Weiqi Li

Keqing Huang

Jianhui Chang

et al.

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2022

2023

Publication Types

Select...

Article5

Relationship

Self Cite1

Independent4

Authors

Journals

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During the revision of this work, a recent study associated the appearance of “sparkling” hot-spots to band bending and tunnelling current density caused by ion accumulation, and such effects are particularly pronounced in the presence of bulges in perovskite films associated with defective PbI 2 clusters. 11 It was noticed that the emergence of hot-spots is mitigated in high-PCE devices, which means that such devices can withstand high reverse biases (>3 V) before showing hot-spot-induced degradation. 11 It was also shown that hot-spots are associated with transient current peaks, which is consistent with previous findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 It was noticed that the emergence of hot-spots is mitigated in high-PCE devices, which means that such devices can withstand high reverse biases (>3 V) before showing hot-spot-induced degradation. 11 It was also shown that hot-spots are associated with transient current peaks, which is consistent with previous findings. 5 These results suggest that very high (absolute) current densities may be locally reached over subsecond time scale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent work associated the presence of high reverse current densities (and related hot-spots) to the existence of PbI 2 -rich bulges in perovskite layer. 11 This indicates the importance to realize high-quality perovskite films to minimize reverse-bias degradation effects of PSCs, which in turn may also withstand reverse biases above 3 V. 11 In the second case, being the V oc of PSCs often superior to 1 V (see Figure 1 e(ii,iii)) and the V f of the bypass diode inferior to 1 V (smart bypass diodes with a low V f of 26 mV are proposed by industries and companies), n equal to 10 already results in a reverse polarization of ca. 10 V. Noteworthily, such n values can be easily found in the most common perovskite solar module configurations, i.e., the so-called “mini-modules”, which consist of multiple PSCs connected in series to minimize the power losses originated by the electrical resistance of non-metallized large-area transparent electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these technical aspects are crucial to secure reliable PV performances, as well as permits, licenses, and financing, they are still almost disregarded for PSC technology, probably because of its infancy stage compared to commercially available PV technologies. To the best of our knowledge, only sparse studies reported the reverse-bias behavior of PSCs, − typically without elucidating the effect of reverse biases above a few volts, which, as discussed hereafter, can easily occur in module configurations (depending on the serial and/or parallel cell interconnections, as well as the use and choice of bypass diodes). During the revision of this work, a recent study associated the appearance of “sparkling” hot-spots to band bending and tunnelling current density caused by ion accumulation, and such effects are particularly pronounced in the presence of bulges in perovskite films associated with defective PbI 2 clusters .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only sparse studies reported the reverse-bias behavior of PSCs, − typically without elucidating the effect of reverse biases above a few volts, which, as discussed hereafter, can easily occur in module configurations (depending on the serial and/or parallel cell interconnections, as well as the use and choice of bypass diodes). During the revision of this work, a recent study associated the appearance of “sparkling” hot-spots to band bending and tunnelling current density caused by ion accumulation, and such effects are particularly pronounced in the presence of bulges in perovskite films associated with defective PbI 2 clusters . It was noticed that the emergence of hot-spots is mitigated in high-PCE devices, which means that such devices can withstand high reverse biases (>3 V) before showing hot-spot-induced degradation .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Reverse-Bias and Temperature Behaviors of Perovskite Solar Cells at Extended Voltage Range

Najafi

Bellani

Gabatel

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perovskite solar cells have reached certified power conversion efficiency over 25%, enabling the realization of efficient large-area modules and even solar farms. It is therefore essential to deal with technical aspects, including the reverse-bias operation and hot-spot effects, which are crucial for the practical implementation of any photovoltaic technology. Here, we analyze the reverse bias (from 2.5 to 30 V) and temperature behavior of mesoscopic cells through infrared thermal imaging coupled with current density measurements. We show that the occurrence of local heating (hot-spots) and arc faults, caused by local shunts, must be considered during cell and module designing.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reverse-Bias and Temperature Behaviors of Perovskite Solar Cells at Extended Voltage Range

Najafi

Bellani

Gabatel

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Manipulating the Migration of Iodine Ions via Reverse‐Biasing for Boosting Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Huang

Feng

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are being developed rapidly and exhibit greatly potential commercialization. Herein, it is found that the device performance can be improved by manipulating the migration of iodine ions via reverse‐biasing, for example, at −0.4 V for 3 min in dark. Characterizations suggest that reverse bias can increase the charge recombination resistance, improve carrier transport, and enhance built‐in electric field. Iodine ions including iodine interstitials in perovskites are confirmed to migrate and accumulate at the SnO2/perovskite interface under reverse‐basing, which fill iodine vacancies at the interface and interact with SnO2. First‐principles calculations suggest that the SnO2/perovskite interface with less iodine vacancies has a stronger interaction and higher charge transfer, leading to larger built‐in electric field and improved charge transport. Iodine ions that may pass through the SnO2/perovskite interface are also confirmed to be able to interact with Sn4+ and passivate oxygen vacancies on the surface of SnO2. Consequently, an efficiency of 23.48% with the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.16 V is achieved for PSCs with reverse‐biasing, as compared with the initial efficiency of 22.13% with a Voc of 1.10 V. These results are of great significance to reveal the physics mechanism of PSCs under electric field.

show abstract

Perovskite Solar Cells in the Shadow: Understanding the Mechanism of Reverse‐Bias Behavior toward Suppressed Reverse‐Bias Breakdown and Reverse‐Bias Induced Degradation

Wang

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

to be connected in series to output larger voltage. Like any classical solar cell, when PSCs are connected in series for largearea modules and panels applications, special attention should be paid to the reverse bias electrical stress of the subcells, because excessive reverse bias due to shading effect (Figure 1a,b) is detrimental to the whole module. In the real environment, external factors such as trees, vegetation, dead leaves, wildlife, snow, and dark clouds will shade some units of the modules from the sun light, leading to the shading effect. For PSCs in modules, the shaded cells can be under reverse bias supplied by the other solar light irradiated cells, [2] as the photocurrent of the illuminated cells can flow to the shaded cells as a reverse current (Figure 1c,d), resulting in power dissipation and subcells thermal degradation that deteriorates the power output of the whole panel. [4][5][6] Joule heat generated in this process will even lead to the local irreversible thermal breakdown of the subcells in the shadow. [7][8][9] At present, however, the reverse bias stability issues of PSCs have not been systematically studied yet. Thus, investigating the phenomenon and mechanism of reverse bias behavior of PSCs, as well as the mechanism of reverse bias breakdown, with anticipating to improve the reverse stability of PSCs, is urgently necessary to promote the commercial application of PSCs.Generally, the overall performance of a solar module and panel depends on the beneficial performance of each individual subcell. Four essential parameters measuring the photovoltaic performance of a solar cell are PCE, FF, V oc , and J sc . In actual testing, these parameters are obtained under forward bias scan, which leads to more attention focusing on the forward bias portion of J-V curve than the reverse bias region. It is worth noting that the investigation of the reverse bias region of J-V curve is equally important, as the p-n junction characteristics of the PSCs is also reflected in their reverse bias behavior. [13][14][15][16][17][18] It has been reported that the reverse current density of classical solar cells (such as Si and CIGS) starts to increase abruptly when the reverse bias voltage is large In recent years, the power conversion efficiencies of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached 25.7%. Further commercialization puts forward higher requirements for the stability of PSCs under different stresses. Current research on the stability of PSCs predominantly focuses on investigating the effects of temperature, humidity, oxygen, ultraviolet light, and electrical bias stress, while stability under reverse bias has been poorly studied among the many factors. When large-area application of PSCs panels occurs, the shading effect and local hot spots of PSCs modules in real scenarios all indicate that the research on reverse bias stability of PSCs is urgently needed. Within this review, a bird's-eye view of the recent advances on the reverse bias stability issue and reverse bias behavior of PSCs is obtai...

show abstract

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

hi@scite.ai

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Sparkling hot spots in perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Reverse-Bias and Temperature Behaviors of Perovskite Solar Cells at Extended Voltage Range

Reverse-Bias and Temperature Behaviors of Perovskite Solar Cells at Extended Voltage Range

Manipulating the Migration of Iodine Ions via Reverse‐Biasing for Boosting Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells in the Shadow: Understanding the Mechanism of Reverse‐Bias Behavior toward Suppressed Reverse‐Bias Breakdown and Reverse‐Bias Induced Degradation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About