Spark Plasma Sintering of Titanium Aluminides: A Progress Review on Processing, Structure-Property Relations, Alloy Development and Challenges

Mogale, Ntebogeng F.; Matizamhuka, Wallace

doi:10.3390/met10081080

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(207 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The γ-TiAl phase is a face-centred tetragonal ordered phase with an L1 0 structure. It consists of atomic layers at 90° to the c-axis [55] with lattice parameters a = 0.4005 nm, c = 0.4070 nm and a tetragonality ratio (c/a) of 1.02 [56,57]. The compositional range of the γ-TiAl phase is from 48.5 to 66.0 at.% of Al.…”

Section: Phase Evolutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although much work has been devoted to understanding the hot corrosion kinetics of Ni-based and Co-based superalloys, TiAl alloys emerged to have sparked much interest in recent years [1,56,57,139]. Historically, reported works utilised alloys produced using conventional methods; however, more attention has recently shifted to AM routes [70,73,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146].…”

Section: Hot Corrosion Studies For Tial Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hot Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviour of TiAl Alloys during Fabrication by Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Process

Mogale¹,

Matizamhuka²,

Cobbinah³

2022

Corrosion - Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research paper summarises the practical relevance of additive manufacturing with particular attention to the latest laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology. L-PBF is a promising processing technique, integrating intelligent and advanced manufacturing systems for aerospace gas turbine components. Some of the added benefits of implementing such technologies compared to traditional processing methods include the freedom to customise high complexity components and rapid prototyping. Titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys used in harsh environmental settings of turbomachinery, such as low-pressure turbine blades, have gained much interest. TiAl alloys are deemed by researchers as replacement candidates for the heavier Ni-based superalloys due to attractive properties like high strength, creep resistance, excellent resistance to corrosion and wear at elevated temperatures. Several conventional processing technologies such as ingot metallurgy, casting, and solid-state powder sintering can also be utilised to manufacture TiAl alloys employed in high-temperature applications. This chapter focuses on compositional variations, microstructure, and processing of TiAl alloys via L-PBF. Afterward, the hot corrosion aspects of TiAl alloys, including classification, characteristics, mechanisms and preventative measures, are discussed. Oxidation behaviour, kinetics and prevention control measures such as surface and alloy modifications of TiAl alloys at high temperature are assessed. Development trends for improving the hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys possibly affecting future use of TiAl alloys are identified.

show abstract

Section: Phase Evolutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hot Corrosion Studies For Tial Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviour of TiAl Alloys during Fabrication by Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Process

Mogale¹,

Matizamhuka²,

Cobbinah³

2022

Corrosion - Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to introduction of secondary phases in TiAl matrix, selecting the appropriate processing technique can be utilized to overcome these problems [9][10][11]. Compared to other conventional methods, spark plasma sintering route is one of the recently developed methods that has several superiorities like high processing speed, lower sintering temperatures, reproducibility leading to achieve refined and homogeneous microstructures, [21][22][23][24]. In present study, TiAl-based composite materials reinforced with 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase were sintered by SPS method at temperature of 900 ºC under a load of 40 MPa for dwell time of 7 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase on characteristics of in-situ synthesized TiAl intermetallics. Part IV: mechanical properties

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the 4th part of a series of publications on the sintering and characterization of TiAl-Ti3AlC2 composite materials, the mechanical properties were measured and discussed. For this purpose, different contents of synthesized Ti3AlC2 reinforcement (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) were added to metallic Ti and Al powders, then ball-milled and manufactured by spark plasma sintering (SPS) for 420 s at 900 ºC under 40 MPa. Flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness were measured by 3-point technique, SENB method, and indentation technique, respectively. Increasing the Ti3AlC2 content resulted in improvement of the mechanical properties, so that TiAl-25 wt% Ti3AlC2 composite showed the best flexural strength and Vickers hardness (270 MPa and 4.11 GPa, respectively). Increasing amount of Ti3AlC additive had no significant effect on fracture toughness. Densification improvement, in-situ formation of Ti2AlC, and limitation of grain growth were recognized as the reasons of mechanical properties enhancement. In contrast, further addition of Ti3AlC2 (30 wt%) decreased the mechanical properties due to the reduction of density and formation of more Ti2AlC agglomerates in grain boundaries.

show abstract

“…Therefore, utilizing a suitable consolidation technique and reinforcement introduction or changing the composition is an appropriate approach to overcome such weaknesses [8][9][10][11]. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) as a newly developed route that uses a direct or pulsed current and external load, simultaneously, can be employed to manufacture TiAl-based composites with developed microstructure [12][13][14][15]. The microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium aluminides can be controlled by the SPS temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of SPS temperature and holding time on the properties of Ti3AlC2-doped TiAl composites

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to study the effects of sintering conditions on the properties of TiAl-based materials, two different compositions (TiAl-15 wt% Ti3AlC2 and TiAl-25 wt% Ti3AlC2) were chosen and manufactured by spark plasma sintering at 900 ºC/7 min and 1000 ºC/15 min. The results showed that increasing the MAX phase content had positive effect on the relative density and mechanical properties, but simultaneous increasing the temperature and holding time is more effective in improvement of properties. For TiAl-15 wt% Ti3AlC2 sample, the relative density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and bending strength increased from 92.3%, 3.6 GPa, 10.9 MPa.m1/2, and 206 MPa to 95.2%, 4.5 GPa, 12.0 MPa.m1/2, and 336 MPa, respectively, as the sintering temperature and holding time increased from 900 ºC/7 min to 1000 ºC/15 min. In the case of TiAl-25 wt% Ti3AlC2 sample, increasing the sintering temperature and holding time from 900 ºC/7 min to 1000 ºC/15 min led to the improvement of relative density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and bending strength from 92.8%, 4.1 GPa, 11.2 MPa.m1/2, and 270 MPa to 97.5%, 4.6 GPa, 11.8 MPa.m1/2, and 340 MPa, respectively.

show abstract

Spark Plasma Sintering of Titanium Aluminides: A Progress Review on Processing, Structure-Property Relations, Alloy Development and Challenges

Cited by 29 publications

References 133 publications

Hot Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviour of TiAl Alloys during Fabrication by Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Process

Hot Corrosion and Oxidation Behaviour of TiAl Alloys during Fabrication by Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Process

Role of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase on characteristics of in-situ synthesized TiAl intermetallics. Part IV: mechanical properties

Role of SPS temperature and holding time on the properties of Ti3AlC2-doped TiAl composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About