Spark plasma sintering of BiFeO3

Preparation of phase pure, dense fine grained ceramics by conventional and spark plasma sintering of La-substituted BiFeO3 nanoparticles

“…The main ones are the presence of impurities in the final product, mainly Bi 25 FeO 39 and Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 , and the difficulty to obtain dense ceramics with high resistivity. Thus, it is difficult to obtain samples with densities above 90% of the theoretical density, which is important when studying electrical properties because, in general, a high porosity decreases the permittivity.…”

“…20 Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has become an important technique to obtain high density ceramics, 21,22 and some authors have used this technique for sintering BiFeO 3 ceramics, starting from powders prepared by simultaneous precipitation routes, Pechini's method, sol-gel method or conventional solid state reaction. [23][24][25][26] Different experimental conditions have been used in terms of sintering temperature and applied pressure to obtain high density ceramics. However the values of density are sometimes not reported or the ceramics obtained are not phase pure.…”

Synthesis, microstructure and properties of BiFeO₃-based multiferroic materials: A review

“…This sintering method is quite useful to promote the densification mechanisms without leading crystal growth [109,111]. Density values around 96 % of the theoretical density have already been reported for BiFeO 3 ceramics prepared by SPS [47,109].…”

“…This sintering method is quite useful to promote the densification mechanisms without leading crystal growth [109,111]. Density values around 96 % of the theoretical density have already been reported for BiFeO 3 ceramics prepared by SPS [47,109]. However, although in some of the published works a pure BiFeO 3 phase is detected by X-ray diffraction [109], the corresponding SEM micrographs do show rests of liquid phase that suggest the presence of secondary phases.…”

“…Recently the use of spark-plasma sintering (SPS) has been tested as an alternative way to improve the densification in BiFeO 3 bulk materials [47,109,110]. This sintering method is quite useful to promote the densification mechanisms without leading crystal growth [109,111].…”