Spark Heat Transfer Measurements in Flowing Gases

Verhoeven, Dean D.

doi:10.4271/952450

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The model reproduces the spark-to-gas energy transfer rate in the glow phase as a function of voltage and electric intensity, so that a finite-duration (non-instantaneous) ignition process is simulated. Energy losses to the electrodes lead to an energy transfer efficiency of approximately 60%, following Verhoeven's measurements [34]. Whereas the model for the electric circuit is able to account for re-striking events, no information on this is available from the experiments.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 69%

An Experimental and Simulation Study of Early Flame Development in a Homogeneous-charge Spark-Ignition Engine

Shekhawat

Haworth

D'Adamo

et al. 2017

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies nouvel

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An integrated experimental and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) study is presented for homogeneous premixed combustion in a spark-ignition engine. The engine is a single-cylinder two-valve optical research engine with transparent liner and piston: the Transparent Combustion Chamber (TCC) engine. This is a relatively simple, open engine configuration that can be used for LES model development and validation by other research groups. Pressure-based combustion analysis, optical diagnostics and LES have been combined to generate new physical insight into the early stages of combustion. The emphasis has been on developing strategies for making quantitative comparisons between high-speed/high-resolution optical diagnostics and LES using common metrics for both the experiments and the simulations, and focusing on the important early flame development period. Results from two different LES turbulent combustion models are presented, using the same numerical methods and computational mesh. Both models yield Cycle-to-Cycle Variations (CCV) in combustion that are higher than what is observed in the experiments. The results reveal strengths and limitations of the experimental diagnostics and the LES models, and suggest directions for future diagnostic and simulation efforts. In particular, it has been observed that flame development between the times corresponding to the laminar-to-turbulent transition and 1% mass-burned fraction are especially important in establishing the subsequent combustion event for each cycle. This suggests a range of temporal and spatial scales over which future experimental and simulation efforts should focus.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 69%

An Experimental and Simulation Study of Early Flame Development in a Homogeneous-charge Spark-Ignition Engine

Shekhawat

Haworth

D'Adamo

et al. 2017

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies nouvel

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“…For this reason, they are not computed but they set the initial conditions for the spark discharge, in terms of energy deposition. In the several experiments realized under ambient and engine conditions, 54 it was shown that the global efficiency of the breakdown and arc phases was about 60%. The energy deposited after these phases has been expressed from D. Verhoeven’s 54 results as a function of the spark gap and the breakdown voltage…”

Section: D Modeling Of Ccvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ρ 0 is the density at standard conditions (300 K, 1 bar) and F c is a correction function, established from the results of Reinmann 50 and Verhoeven. 54 At the first breakdown…”

Section: D Modeling Of Ccvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invited Review: Development of a one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling approach to predict cycle-to-cycle variability in spark-ignition engines based on physical understanding acquired from large-eddy simulation

Richard¹,

Dulbecco

Angelberger

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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In order to satisfy emission standards and CO2 targets, spark-ignition engines are designed to operate with high dilution rates, compression ratios and boost levels, thus increasing the propensity for unstable combustion. Therefore it is important to address cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in complete engine simulators in order to support the design of viable architectures and control strategies. This work concerns the development, validation and application to a multi-cylinder spark-ignition engine of a physics-based one-dimensional combustion model able to render CCV. Its basis relies on the analysis of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of flow in a single-cylinder engine used to extract information relating physics to cyclic fluctuations. A one-dimensional CCV model is derived, accounting for variability related to in-cylinder aerodynamics, turbulence and mixture composition. A detailed spark-ignition model is developed, and the resulting model captures the strongly non-linear interactions between flow and combustion, starting from spark ignition and covering laminar/turbulent transition and wrinkling of the flame surface. A first validation is presented against dedicated experimental data from a single-cylinder engine. Detailed comparisons between measurements and predictions are reported on a set of parametric variations around a reference point to assess the physical bases of the model. The resulting model is applied to the simulation of the operating map of a multi-cylinder turbocharged engine. It is found able to reproduce CCV without the need to perform specific LES of that engine, highlighting a certain level of generality of the developed model.

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“…No information is provided about precise measurement of the flow. Verhoeven 29 also uses a nozzle to generate the flow velocity for optical investigations of heat input from spark ignition into flowing gases. Velocities up to 5.9 m/s at ambient pressure and pressures up to 6 bar under quiescent conditions are mentioned in the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a test rig for fundamental investigations of spark characteristics

Tilz

Meyer²,

Kiesling³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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A common means to increase efficiency in stationary spark ignited engines is to operate the engine with a higher air/fuel ratio of the mixture in conjunction with a higher turbulence level; however, this generally leads to severe conditions that significantly impact the inflammability of the gas–air mixture and combustion stability. Because the electric arc that forms at the spark plug is a main influencing factor in combustion, detailed research work in the field of electric arc behavior generated at spark plugs is required. This article thus presents a specially tailored test rig that is designed to facilitate an investigation of electric arc behavior under cross-flows at a spark plug typically used in gas engines. The test rig consists of a closed flow circuit for inert gases; its centerpiece is a test cell that provides optical access for high-speed imaging of the electric arc behavior at the spark plug. The required flow velocity at the spark plug is set with a blower. Flow velocities up to 30 m/s, pressures up to 60 bar and temperatures up to 80 °C can be achieved inside the flow system at the location of the spark plug. Postprocessing algorithms have been developed to automatically extract information from the high-speed images. The results reveal that the arc stretches more at a higher flow velocity as indicated by its greater arc length. In addition, it is evident that the cycle-to-cycle variation in arc length increases at higher flow velocities. The secondary voltage history and its cycle-to-cycle variation are strongly influenced by the arc length. This is reflected in the cycle-to-cycle variation of the spark energy input to the flowing gas. These results support the conclusion that spark behavior itself can be a substantial source of cycle-to-cycle variation in the combustion process observed in spark ignited gas engines.

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Spark Heat Transfer Measurements in Flowing Gases

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

An Experimental and Simulation Study of Early Flame Development in a Homogeneous-charge Spark-Ignition Engine

An Experimental and Simulation Study of Early Flame Development in a Homogeneous-charge Spark-Ignition Engine

Invited Review: Development of a one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling approach to predict cycle-to-cycle variability in spark-ignition engines based on physical understanding acquired from large-eddy simulation

Design of a test rig for fundamental investigations of spark characteristics

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