Spanish vineyard classification according to bioclimatic indexes

Abstract

Background and Aims: Spain has more than one million hectares of vineyards, being the first country in the world, and the third in production of wine. Local zoning studies have been carried out using bioclimatic indexes to show the influence of climate; however, no detailed study has been undertaken at national level that included the current area of vineyards. The aim of this study was to prepare a thermal characterisation and zoning of winegrowing areas in Spain through four bioclimatic indexes. Methods and Results: From data of the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (1980, four bioclimatic indexes adapted to viticulture were calculated and integrated into a geographic information system, which allowed the graphical visualisation of their patterns by means of geostatistical interpolation techniques (kriging). The results show that there is a significant spatial variability of the climate from a winegrowing perspective, and each index defines the differences between the climatic classes suitable for viticulture. Conclusions: In order to define and assess the climatic differences in wine production and the suitability of the Spanish mainland territory, it is necessary to combine several indexes. Significance of the Study: For the first time, the climatic variability of Spain has been described and the peculiarities that differentiate its vineyards have been highlighted. High-resolution kriged maps have made this study possible.

Climate Change Impacts Assessment on Wine-Growing Bioclimatic Transition Areas

“…However, some indices also consider other environmental variables, such as soil moisture [37], rainfall [38], or the degree-days during the growing season that establish the requirements of the cultivar to achieve adequate maturation [5]. Many indices are based on the Growing Degree Days (GDD), such as the Growing Season Temperature (GST) [29,37,[39][40][41][42][43] or the Biological Effective Degree Days (BEDD) [8]. Variations in wine quality are also determined by the worldwide climate regime, but knowledge about climatic variables at a microscale (mainly temperature), is important for winegrowers [44].…”

Climate change in a typical Apulian region for table grape production: spatialisation of bioclimatic indices, classification and Future Scenarios

“…Therefore, the research focused on the central part of Apulia dedicated to table grape production in an area that includes the BAT, Bari, Taranto and Brindisi provinces. this is because they are based on temperature (Moral et al, 2014;Honorio et al, 2018). 3).…”

“…Amerine and Winkler, 1944;b from Tonietto and Carbonneau, 2004. spaces which have to be filled by spatial data products; these are obtained by the interpolation of existing long-term, quality-controlled data sources using numerous techniques (Jones et al, 2010). Universal kriging (UK), kriging with external drift (KED) and regression-kriging (RK) are the most suitable and effective interpolation methods for reducing standard error in the spatialisation of bioclimatic indices in the following cases: when elevation is considered as a single independent variable (Moral et al, 2014;Honorio et al, 2018), in comparative studies (Hengl et al, 2003), and compared to other interpolation methods like localised regression models employed to produce climatic maps (Attorre et al, 2007;Blasi et al, 2007). These interpolations, defined as "hybrid" (McBratney et al, 2000), involve non-static geostatistical methods which use auxiliar predictors with spatially correlated data in order to perform univariate or multivariate regression models, and thus effectively representing a regression analysis method (Wackernagel, 2003).…”

Viticultural Suitability Analysis Based on Multi-Source Data Highlights Climate-Change-Induced Decrease in Potential Suitable Areas: A Case Analysis in Ningxia, China

“…[8,9]. Climate is the major factor influencing quantity and quality of grape and wine, such as yield, composition, aroma, and berry color [10]. Variable temperature regimes are necessary for each stage of grape growth [11].…”