Spanish Version of Test MIS (*) with Delayed Memory Recall Normative Values and Results in a Population with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment becomes more common with ageing and may benefit from intervention. In a Spanish speaking population, detection of cognitive impairment by a general practitioner in Primary Care can be a problem, as many of the standard tests target English speaking populations. The Memory Impairment Screen (MIS-A) is a validated test using English words to detect Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other dementias. We have modified this test to suit a Spanish speaking population and added a new component, delayed recall. We have called our new test the Memory Impairment Screen with Delayed Recall (MIS-D). Objectives: 1) To test a Spanish version of MIS-A and MIS-D. 2) To assess the discriminative validity of MIS-D as a screening tool for the amnestic variant of Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) in a group of Spanish speaking people aged 65 years old and over. Methods: A case-control study of a cohort of 739 native Spanish speaking residents of Buenos Aires aged 65 years old and over, of whom 436 were healthy controls and 303 had a diagnosis of aMCI. Measurements: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NVP) were estimated for MIS-D and MIS-A. Results: Normative values for MIS-A and MIS-D were obtained from the control population. Both age and education significantly affected these values (p < 0.0001). Control participants showed significant differences for both modalities, MIS-A and MIS-D. The cutoff for MIS-A should be 7.5 and for MIS-D, 5.5. Comparison between control population and aMCI population using ROC curve gave a result of 5.5 in MIS-D, with 97% specificity and 76% sensitivity. Conclusion: MIS-D was positively predictive of aMCI, with 97% specificity and 76% sensitivity in a sample of Spanish speaking patients aged 65 years old and over in Buenos Aires. L. Edith et al.

Longitudinal Follow-Up of a Population with MCI: Predictive Value of the MIS Test with Delayed Recall for Progression to Dementia

“…A higher cut-off point would increase test sensitivity at the expense of reducing specificity, thus producing more false positives. In contrast, a lower cut-off point would reduce the rate of false positives but would significantly increase false negative rates, excluding too many patients at risk of developing dementia [26].…”

“…For example, if the subject did not recall the word Bricklayer, they are asked: "one of the words was an Occupation, which of the words was an occupation"? After 20 minutes of the immediate recall phase, during which functional evaluation is continued avoiding tasks which include verbal stimuli, the patient is asked to recall the 4 words again (DR) in the free and facilitated versions [26]. The free recall score measures the level of spontaneous retrieval whereas facilitated recall measures episodic memory ability with category cues used during learning.…”

The anesthetic surgical act increases cognitive decline in older patients compared to a healthy population

“…The patients were personally evaluated in the office, between 7 days and 24 hours before surgery and later, they were evaluated with the same methods at 12 months. The scales that were used consisted of a standardized test instruments measuring attentional, executive, and verbal memory functions: MOCA, Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) [15], Trail Mak-escalas y se analizó mediante análisis multivariante y de componentes principales. Resultados: A los 12 meses, los pacientes expuestos tenían una incidencia de deterioro del 36%, mientras que los pacientes no expuestos tenían solo 8%.…”