Spanish Validation of the PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions With Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes)

Abstract

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO; Roggman et al., 2013a ). This observational measure is composed of 29 items that assess the quality of four domains of parenting interactions that promote child development: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. Methods: The sample included 203 mother-child dyads who had been video-recorded playing together. Fifty-six percent of the children were male, and 44% were female, aged from 10 to 47 months. Video-recorded observations were rated using PICCOLO items. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported that the instrument has four first-order factors corresponding to the hypothesized domains of parenting behaviors, and a second-order factor corresponding to a general factor of positive parenting. Construct validation evidence was compiled by examining the relationship between PICCOLO scores and child age. As expected, teaching domain and total PICCOLO scores were positively correlated with child age. The Spanish PICCOLO also demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (ranging from 0.69 to 0.84) and internal consistency reliability (ranging from 0.59 to 0.88) for the four domain scores and the total parenting score. Concurrent criterion-related validity was examined via correlations between parenting scores and child cognitive, language and motor skills outcomes, measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the PICCOLO meets the criteria for a reliable and valid observational measurement of parenting interactions with children. The psychometric properties of the instrument make it appropriate for general research purposes, but also for program evaluation of Early Intervention and other parenting-support interventions. This measure, focused on parent strengths, could be used to facilitate family-centered practices in early intervention and other programs that have parenting as an outcome.

Parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers of young children with intellectual disability evaluated in a natural context

“…The Spanish version of the PICCOLO was recently validated using a sample of 203 mother–child dyads [ 93 ]. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the instrument has a four-factor structure of first order domains (Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, and Teaching) that collapses into a single, second-order factor (parenting).…”

“…The Spanish version [93] of the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) [17,18] was used to assess parenting. The PICCOLO is a reliable and valid 29-item measure of parent-child interactions for parents with children between the ages of 10 and 47 months.…”

Rehabilitation services lockdown during the COVID-19 emergency: the mental health response of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities

“…Indeed, several studies suggest that parental well-being is linked with the quality of parenting even in the presence of neurodevelopmental conditions [9,10]. Caregivers are well-recognized as the primary source of prevention and care for children [11] and they can provide relevant stimulation to promote long-term cognitive, language and socio-emotional development up to preschool-and school-age [6,12,13]. Early familycentered interventions for children that actively engage parents have been found to be the most beneficial for children's development [14,15] and the most rewarding for the healthcare systems in terms of economic returns [16].…”

Early Parenting Intervention – Biobehavioral Outcomes in infants with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (EPI-BOND): study protocol for an Italian multicentre randomised controlled trial

“…31 Notably, both paternal and maternal caregiving is associated with better cognitive and language development in preschoolers with ND. 32 As such, early supportive interventions directed at improving the quality of parental sensitivity and parent-infant interaction should be a priority in the population of children diagnosed with ND. 33 34 The video-feedback intervention (VFI) is an early parent-child focussed intervention that aims to promote positive and sensitive parenting and, indirectly, support infants' behavioural and socio-emotional development.…”

“… 15 29 30 Parental sensitivity and teaching are associated with the developmental quotient of 23- to 47-month-old children with diverse ND conditions. 31 Notably, both paternal and maternal caregiving is associated with better cognitive and language development in preschoolers with ND. 32 As such, early supportive interventions directed at improving the quality of parental sensitivity and parent-infant interaction should be a priority in the population of children diagnosed with ND.…”