Abstract:In March 2021, the Spanish Congress approved the law regulating euthanasia, that regulates both euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). In this article, we analyse the Spanish law regulating euthanasia and PAS, comparing it with the rest of the European laws on euthanasia and PAS (Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg). Identified strengths of the Spanish law, with respect to other norms, are that it is a law with many safeguards, which broadly recognises professionals’ right to conscientious objection … Show more
“…It establishes its purpose and scope of application, the requirements for people to be able to request the provision of aid in dying and the conditions for its exercise (Figure 1), using criteria very similar to previous international regulations, especially European ones; by highlighting the need to be an autonomous, repeated decision, in a context of terminally ill or chronic, advanced illness with unbearable suffering. 21 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It should be noted that this multidisciplinary commission is created at regional level as a body with pre- and post-verification functions, which is one of the main differences with the rest of the approved regulations of other countries, where the commissions only have functions after the service has been provided, not before. 21 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this aspect, the main differences with European regulations are that the Netherlands and Luxembourg only contemplate the possibility of CO for doctors, while Belgium includes, in addition to doctors, that no professional will be obliged to provide assistance in a euthanasia procedure, and nurses can be included in this sense. 21…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Organic Law 10/1995, of 23 rd November 1995, of the Penal Code 18 was amended with the aim of decriminalising all Euthanasia related conducts to be carried out in the specific cases established in the law, including all professionals involved, unlike in Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, where only the doctor is exempt from criminal liability. 21…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It establishes its purpose and scope of application, the requirements for people to be able to request the provision of aid in dying and the conditions for its exercise (Figure 1), using criteria very similar to previous international regulations, especially European ones; by highlighting the need to be an autonomous, repeated decision, in a context of terminally ill or chronic, advanced illness with unbearable suffering. 21 The Spanish law sets out the procedure to be followed for the provision of aid in dying and the guarantees to be observed, stipulating three mandatory prior verification filters: the responsible doctor, the consultant doctor and the Guarantee and Evaluation Commission (GEC) (Figure 2). It should be noted that this multidisciplinary commission is created at regional level as a body with pre-and post-verification functions, which is one of the main differences with the rest of the approved regulations of other countries, where the commissions only have functions after the service has been provided, not before.…”
Background Safeguarding the right to die according to the principles of autonomy and freedom of each person has become more important in the last decade, therefore increasing regulation of Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide (MAS). Aims To learn the opinions that the nurses of the autonomous region of Madrid have regarding Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide. Research design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants and research context All registered nurses in Madrid. The study was done by means of a self-completed anonymous questionnaire. The variables studied were social-demographic, giving opinions about Euthanasia and MAS. Ethical considerations Each participant was assured maximum confidentiality and anonymity, ensuring the ethical principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as in the Organic Law 3/2018, on Personal Data Protection and guarantee of digital rights. Findings A total of 489 nurses answered the questionnaire. In total, 75.7% of the nurses confirmed that Euthanasia should be regulated in Spain. 66.3% indicated that information on Euthanasia should be provided jointly by doctors and nurses, and 42.3% considered that it could be applied by both medical and nursing professionals. A total of 87.2% advocated the participation of nurses in health policy, influencing the drafting of the law. In the face of possible regulation, 35% would request Conscientious Objection, being closely related to their religious beliefs. Discussion Different authors point out that nurses’ perceptions and attitudes towards Euthanasia are conditioned by different factors, such as religion, gender, poor palliative care, legality and the patient's right to die. Conclusion Nurses are positioned in favour of the regulation and practice of Euthanasia and MAS, depending on their age, years of experience, training, model of care and especially religious beliefs.
“…It establishes its purpose and scope of application, the requirements for people to be able to request the provision of aid in dying and the conditions for its exercise (Figure 1), using criteria very similar to previous international regulations, especially European ones; by highlighting the need to be an autonomous, repeated decision, in a context of terminally ill or chronic, advanced illness with unbearable suffering. 21 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It should be noted that this multidisciplinary commission is created at regional level as a body with pre- and post-verification functions, which is one of the main differences with the rest of the approved regulations of other countries, where the commissions only have functions after the service has been provided, not before. 21 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this aspect, the main differences with European regulations are that the Netherlands and Luxembourg only contemplate the possibility of CO for doctors, while Belgium includes, in addition to doctors, that no professional will be obliged to provide assistance in a euthanasia procedure, and nurses can be included in this sense. 21…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Organic Law 10/1995, of 23 rd November 1995, of the Penal Code 18 was amended with the aim of decriminalising all Euthanasia related conducts to be carried out in the specific cases established in the law, including all professionals involved, unlike in Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, where only the doctor is exempt from criminal liability. 21…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It establishes its purpose and scope of application, the requirements for people to be able to request the provision of aid in dying and the conditions for its exercise (Figure 1), using criteria very similar to previous international regulations, especially European ones; by highlighting the need to be an autonomous, repeated decision, in a context of terminally ill or chronic, advanced illness with unbearable suffering. 21 The Spanish law sets out the procedure to be followed for the provision of aid in dying and the guarantees to be observed, stipulating three mandatory prior verification filters: the responsible doctor, the consultant doctor and the Guarantee and Evaluation Commission (GEC) (Figure 2). It should be noted that this multidisciplinary commission is created at regional level as a body with pre-and post-verification functions, which is one of the main differences with the rest of the approved regulations of other countries, where the commissions only have functions after the service has been provided, not before.…”
Background Safeguarding the right to die according to the principles of autonomy and freedom of each person has become more important in the last decade, therefore increasing regulation of Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide (MAS). Aims To learn the opinions that the nurses of the autonomous region of Madrid have regarding Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide. Research design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants and research context All registered nurses in Madrid. The study was done by means of a self-completed anonymous questionnaire. The variables studied were social-demographic, giving opinions about Euthanasia and MAS. Ethical considerations Each participant was assured maximum confidentiality and anonymity, ensuring the ethical principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as in the Organic Law 3/2018, on Personal Data Protection and guarantee of digital rights. Findings A total of 489 nurses answered the questionnaire. In total, 75.7% of the nurses confirmed that Euthanasia should be regulated in Spain. 66.3% indicated that information on Euthanasia should be provided jointly by doctors and nurses, and 42.3% considered that it could be applied by both medical and nursing professionals. A total of 87.2% advocated the participation of nurses in health policy, influencing the drafting of the law. In the face of possible regulation, 35% would request Conscientious Objection, being closely related to their religious beliefs. Discussion Different authors point out that nurses’ perceptions and attitudes towards Euthanasia are conditioned by different factors, such as religion, gender, poor palliative care, legality and the patient's right to die. Conclusion Nurses are positioned in favour of the regulation and practice of Euthanasia and MAS, depending on their age, years of experience, training, model of care and especially religious beliefs.
Background and AimsEuthanasia is a controversial issue related to the right to die. Although euthanasia is mostly requested by terminally sick individuals, even in societies where it is legal, it is unclear what medical conditions lead to euthanasia requests. In this scoping review, we aimed to compile medical conditions for which euthanasia has been requested or performed around the world.MethodsThe review was preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist. Retrieved search results were screened and unrelated documents were excluded. Data on reasons for conducting or requesting euthanasia along with the study type, setting, and publication year were extracted from documents. Human development index and euthanasia legality were also extracted. Major medical fields were used to categorize reported reasons. Group discussions were conducted if needed for this categorization. An electronic search was undertaken in MEDLINE through PubMed for published documents covering the years January 2000 to September 2022.ResultsOut of 3323 records, a total of 197 papers were included. The most common medical conditions in euthanasia requests are cancer in a terminal phase (45.4%), Alzheimer's disease and dementia (19.8%), constant unbearable physical or mental suffering (19.8%), treatment‐resistant mood disorders (12.2%), and advanced cardiovascular disorders (12.2%).ConclusionReasons for euthanasia are mostly linked to chronic or terminal physical conditions. Psychiatric disorders also lead to a substantial proportion of euthanasia requests. This review can help to identify the features shared by conditions that lead to performing or requesting euthanasia
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