Spanish People with Type 2 Diabetes Show an Improved Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern (i.e., Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and healthy eating) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with those without diabetes. In addition, we explored clinical factors associated with the dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 476 participants (238 with T2D and 238 participants without diabetes, matched for age and sex). The alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Statistical analysis included comparison between groups and multivariable models. Participants with T2D showed higher aMED and aHEI scores (mean (SD): 4.3 (1.5) and 43.9 (6.5), respectively) in comparison with the control group (3.5 (1.8) and 39.4 (7.4), respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, a higher proportion of participants with T2D in higher tertiles of aMED (21.8%) and aHEI (39.9%) was observed compared with participants without diabetes (11.3% for the aMED, and 19.3% for the aHEI; p < 0.001). The adjusted multivariable analysis revealed that T2D (p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.006 and p = 0.030, respectively), and physical activity (p = 0.009) were positively associated with higher aMED and aHEI scores. Dyslipidemia and female gender were positively associated with aMED and aHEI (p = 0.031 and p < 0.001, respectively). The specific multivariable analysis for the group with T2D yielded a positive association of age (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.021) with aMED. Regarding the aHEI, only female gender was positively related with this score in diabetes participants (p = 0.025). Participants with T2D showed a higher adherence to the MedDiet and a healthier eating pattern.

Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Adults by Diabetes Status: Results From the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

“…In our study, we found that overall adherence to the MxAHEI was poor in both men and women, a finding consistent with previous studies that reported low adherence to dietary recommendations in the general population, characterized by low consumption of fruits and vegetables and high consumption of meat [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, our results are in line with the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted in Spain, where it was found that adherence to the AHEI in adults was low, regardless of diabetes status [ 26 ].…”

2 Tipo Cukrinio Diabeto Nemedikamentinio Gydymo Būdai Ir Jų Poveikis Glikemijos Kontrolei

“…Atliktuose tyrimuose nustatytas žymus HbA1c sumažėjimas (0,1-0,6 %), pastebėtas teigiamas KMI, liemens, klubų apimties, trigliceridų kiekio pokytis. Nustatyta, jog ši dieta naudingesnė mažinant HbA1c, negu mažai angliavandenių turinti dieta ar veganinė mityba, tačiau, jos laikantis, svarbu neviršyti nustatyto individualaus paros kalorijų kiekio [5][6][7][8].…”