Spandex Elastic Fibers

Hicks, Elija M.; Ultée, A. J.; Drougas, John

doi:10.1126/science.147.3656.373

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Aqueous binders were particularly highlighted because of their conspicuous advantages, including low cost and easy disposal of waste solvents after processing. [30,31] This investigation conveys a useful lesson that although occupying a small content in the electrode, binder can considerably improve the performance of established commercial LIB electrodes, and unexplored polymers can be good candidates for such opportunities. [27][28][29] As in most LIB cathodes, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) dispersed in NMP has been mainly used for LFP electrodes, to take advantages of the properties of PVDF, such as high electrochemical stability, high specific dielectric constant, and decent Li ion conductivity.…”

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confidence: 87%

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes

Lee

Min

Lee

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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can deliver superior rate performance despite its inherently low electric conductivity. Especially, modifications of the intrinsic phase via doping [17] with aliovalent elements and incorporating off-stoichiometry [18] improved the rate performance remarkably. Also, the formation of metastable structures that allows the nucleation of a second phase to bypass was revealed [19,20] as the origin of the exceptional rate capability of LFP.Besides the tuning of active material, various polymeric binders were lately investigated [21][22][23][24][25] for LFP electrodes in both organic and aqueous media. Aqueous binders were particularly highlighted because of their conspicuous advantages, including low cost and easy disposal of waste solvents after processing. [21,22,24,26] In spite of these advantages, currently, LFP electrodes are mostly manufactured via N-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP)-based slurry process because the use of aqueous media causes Li ion extraction from active powder and corrosion of aluminum (Al) current collector. [27][28][29] As in most LIB cathodes, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) dispersed in NMP has been mainly used for LFP electrodes, to take advantages of the properties of PVDF, such as high electrochemical stability, high specific dielectric constant, and decent Li ion conductivity. However, PVDF binders operate mainly based on van der Waals interaction, leading to weak adhesion of the electrode to the current collector. Also, PVDF used for most commercial LIBs has high molecular weights (MWs) of around 1 000 000 and therefore often suffers from binder aggregation during slurry preparation as well as in the final electrode film. Herein, we introduce an unconventional binder, namely spandex, with relatively low molecular weight of around 300 000. Compared to the commercial PVDF binders with both high and low MWs, the spandex binder exhibited superiority in uniformness of electrode morphology, adhesion of electrode to an Al current collector, conservation of solvent during slurry preparation, and rate capability in battery operation. Furthermore, the enhanced adhesion of electrode renders the spandex binder suitable for 3D porous electrodes that are considered for future flexible battery applications. Moreover, we can take advantage of the long research and industrial experience of spandex; spandex is usually produced by step-growth polymerization and used for various applications, including clothes, daily supplies, biomedical devices, etc. [30,31] This investigation conveys a useful lesson that although occupying a small content in the electrode, binder can considerably improve the performance of established commercial LIB electrodes, and unexplored polymers can be good candidates for such opportunities. Figure 1 schematically illustrates the electrode morphologies when high MW PVDF (H-PVDF) and low MW spandex (L-spandex) are adopted as binders. H-PVDF often causes Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully developed as power sources for mobile information technology (IT) devices and hybrid...

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confidence: 87%

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes

Lee

Min

Lee

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The preparation of isocyanates both industrially and in the laboratory has been well reviewed [12,23,24] …”

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Polyurethanes

Lyman¹

1966

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews

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“…Spandex fiber is a polymer fiber that consists of long molecular chains with an 85% segment polyurethane composition [15], and it has been developed and produced by numerous companies, such as Spanzelle, Vyrene, Lycra, and Glospan. Because of their high elasticity, high elongation, low density, and good wear property [16][17][18], spandex fibers can be synthesized with cotton, nylon, and PET yarns to form bare, single-covered, double-covered, core-spun, and core plied yarns, which are then made into knits whose properties can be evaluated [19][20][21][22][23]. According to previous studies by this laboratory, the incorporation of spandex fibers and a thermal treatment temperature beyond 160°C can cause the elasticity of spandex fibers to decrease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of manufacturing parameters and thermal treatment on the properties of tubular braids and tubular knits

Lou

et al. 2015

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Abstract Textile techniques can be applied to create two-dimensional or three-dimensional tubular fabrics. Three-dimensional tubular knits can be used in many fields, such as for medical textiles, conductive textile, composites, and tissue engineering. This study aimed to examine the effects of different yarn types on various fabrics and of different temperatures on the variations in the properties of textiles. Four types of wrapped yarn (P150, P75, S140, and S70) were made into tubular braids and knits, after which the products were thermally treated at various temperatures (120°C, 140°C, and 160°C). A shrinkage measurement, a porosity test, a braid angle test, and a tensile test were performed to evaluate the tubular braids and knits. The test results indicated that the thermal treatment temperature did not affect the porosity of the tubular braids and tubular knits. The porosity of the tubular braids was between 40.32% and 48.27%, while that of the tubular knits was between 10.15% and 35.57%. In addition, the tensile strength of both fabric types increased by 40–50%, while their displacement increased by 200–250%. In the future, the efficacy of tubular braids and tubular knits for use as vascular grafts will be examined.

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Spandex Elastic Fibers

Cited by 68 publications

References 14 publications

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes

Polyurethanes

Effect of manufacturing parameters and thermal treatment on the properties of tubular braids and tubular knits

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Spandex Elastic Fibers

Cited by 68 publications

References 14 publications

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO4 Electrodes

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO4 Electrodes

Polyurethanes

Effect of manufacturing parameters and thermal treatment on the properties of tubular braids and tubular knits

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Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes

Low Molecular Weight Spandex as a Promising Polymeric Binder for LiFePO₄ Electrodes