Spalt-like 4 promotes posterior neural fates via repression of <i>pou5f3</i> family members in <i>Xenopus</i>

Young, John J.; Kjolby, Rachel A. S.; Kong, Nikki R.; Monica, Stefanie D.; Harland, Richard M.

doi:10.1242/dev.099374

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Therefore, we used a triple FLAG-tagged β-catenin and anti-FLAG antibody for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIPseq) (GSE77365). Embryos were injected with 500 pg of mRNA encoding a C-terminally FLAG-tagged β-catenin, which, as previously shown, does not induce a secondary axis or posteriorization when injected animally at the two-cell stage (Goentoro and Kirschner, 2009; Young et al, 2014) (Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Genome-wide identification of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets during Xenopus gastrulation

Kjolby

Harland

2017

Developmental Biology

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The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays multiple roles during Xenopus gastrulation, including posteriorization of the neural plate, patterning of the mesoderm, and induction of the neural crest. Wnt signaling stabilizes β-catenin, which then activates target genes. However, few targets of this signaling pathway that mediate early developmental processes are known. Here we sought to identify transcriptional targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using a genome-wide approach. We selected putative targets using the criteria of reduced expression upon zygotic Wnt knockdown, β-catenin binding within 50kb of the gene, and expression in tissues that receive Wnt signaling. Using these criteria, we found 21 novel direct transcriptional targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during gastrulation and in addition have identified putative regulatory elements for further characterization in future studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The triple FLAG epitope tagged X. laevis β-catenin (β-catenin-3X FLAG) was generated from a single FLAG epitope β-catenin, described previously (Young et al, 2014), using the restriction enzymes, AvrII and NotI and the double stranded oligonuclotide:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets during Xenopus gastrulation

Kjolby

Harland

2017

Developmental Biology

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“…Wnt is a highly conserved pathway that plays an important role in development and cancer 128 . In amphibian neural development, Sall4 is known to be activated by Wnt signaling to specify posterior neural fate 129 . Furthermore, both SALL4A and SALL4B isoforms can bind β-catenin protein and synergistically activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway 65 .…”

Section: Molecular Dissection Of Sall4 Functions In Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

Tatetsu

Kong

Gao

et al. 2016

Gene

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There is a growing body of evidence supporting that cancer cells share many similarities with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). For example, aggressive cancers and ESCs share a common gene expression signature that includes hundreds of genes. Since ESC genes are not present in most adult tissues, they could be ideal candidate targets for cancer-specific diagnosis and treatment. This is an exciting cancer-targeting model. The major hurdle to test this model is to identify the key factors/pathway(s) within ESCs that are responsible for the cancer phenotype. SALL4 is one of few genes that can establish this link. The first publication of SALL4 is on its mutation in a human inherited disorder with multiple developmental defects. Since then, over 300 papers have been published on various aspects of this gene in stem cells, development, and cancers. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of SALL4, including a SALL4-based approach to classify and target cancers. Many questions about this important gene still remain unanswered, specifically, on how this gene regulates cell fates at a molecular level. Understanding SALL4’s molecular functions will allow development of specific targeted approaches in the future.

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“…Sall4 also interacts with Nanog , a homeodomain transcription factor that can sustain pluripotency in murine ES cells (Wu et al, 2006). Finally, Sall4 represses pou5f3 during neurogenesis, enabling the neural plate to respond to inductive signals from Fgf, retinoic acid and Wnt (Young et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two missense mutations in SALL4 in a patient with microphthalmia, coloboma, and optic nerve hypoplasia

Ullah

Madireddy

et al. 2016

Ophthalmic Genetics

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To investigate the genetic etiology of anophthalmia and microphthalmia, we used exome sequencing in a Caucasian female with unilateral microphthalmia and coloboma, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, ventricular and atrial septal defects and growth delays. We found two sequence variants in SALL4 - c.[575C>A], predicting p.(Ala192Glu), that was paternally inherited, and c.[2053G>C], predicting p.(Asp685His), that was maternally inherited. Haploinsufficiency for SALL4 due to nonsense or frameshift mutations has been associated with acro-renal ocular syndrome that is characterized by eye defects including Duane anomaly and coloboma, in addition to radial ray malformations and renal abnormalities. Our report is the first description of structural eye defects associated with two missense variants in SALL4 inherited in trans; the absence of reported findings in both parents suggests that both sequence variants are hypomorphic mutations and that both are needed for the ocular phenotype. Sall4 is expressed in the developing lens and regulates Bmp4, leading us to speculate that altered BMP4 expression was responsible for the eye defects, but we could not demonstrate altered BMP4 expression in vitro after using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to reduce SALL4 expression. We conclude that SALL4 hypomorphic variants may influence eye development.

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Spalt-like 4 promotes posterior neural fates via repression of pou5f3 family members in Xenopus

Cited by 31 publications

References 91 publications

Genome-wide identification of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets during Xenopus gastrulation

Genome-wide identification of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets during Xenopus gastrulation

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

Two missense mutations in SALL4 in a patient with microphthalmia, coloboma, and optic nerve hypoplasia

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