Spalling in High Strength Concrete Exposed to Fire: Concerns, Causes, Critical Parameters and Cures

Kodur, Venkatesh

doi:10.1061/40492(2000)180

Cited by 113 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Since relative humidity has significant influence on the fire performance of concrete columns a year or more elapsed between the time a column was fabricated and the time it was tested [5]. The moisture condition in the concrete core of the columns was measured, at about 50.8 mm deep, on the day of the test by inserting a Vaisala * moisture sensor into a hole drilled in the concrete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the spalling of concrete under fire conditions is one of the major concerns due to the low porosity in HSC. The spalling of concrete exposed to fire has been observed under laboratory and real fire conditions [3,5]. Spalling, which results in the rapid loss of concrete during a fire, exposes deeper layers of concrete to fire temperatures, thereby increasing the rate of transmission of heat to the inner layers of the member, including the reinforcement.…”

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from various studies [3,5,6] show that the fire behaviour of HSC, in general, and spalling, in particular, is affected by a number of factors. To determine the behaviour of loaded HSC columns under fire conditions, studies were undertaken on HSC columns.…”

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spalling is theorized to be caused by the build-up of pore pressure during heating [4,5]. HSC is believed to be more susceptible to this pressure build-up because of its low permeability compared to NSC.…”

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the occurrence of spalling (often explosive) at elevated temperatures, when HSC is subjected to rapid heating, as in the case of a fire, is one of the reasons for this concern [3]. Further, results of fire tests in a number of laboratories [3,4,5,6] have shown that there are welldefined differences between the properties of HSC and NSC at elevated temperatures. However, many of these studies were undertaken on small-scale specimens and also under hydrocarbon fire exposures which is different from standard building fire exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2003

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021731327822Fire Technology -Special Issue, 39, 1, pp. 73-87, 2003-01-01 Fire endurance of high strength concrete columns Kodur, V. K. R.; McGrath, R. C. AbstractIn buildings, fire represents one of the most severe environmental conditions and therefore, should be properly accounted for in the design of high strength concrete (HSC) structural members. The increased use of HSC in buildings has raised concerns regarding the behaviour of such concrete in fire. In particular, spalling at elevated temperatures, as identified in studies by a number of laboratories, is a main concern.In this paper, results from an experimental program on the fire resistance of HSC columns are presented. The factors that influence the thermal and structural behaviour of HSC concrete columns under fire conditions are discussed. Data from this study indicate that the type of aggregate, concrete strength, load intensity and detailing and spacing of ties have an influence on the fire resistance performance of HSC columns. Further, the test results show that tie configuration (bending of ties at 135° ties and provision of cross ties) and closer tie spacing has a significantly beneficial effect on the fire resistance of HSC columns. The results presented will generate data on the fire resistance of HSC columns and contribute to identifying the factors that influence the behaviour of HSC columns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concrete Under Severe Conditions -Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2003

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Cross‐comparison of screening tests for fire spalling of concrete

Mohaine

Boström

Lion³

et al. 2021

Fire and Materials

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Concrete spalling is an important phenomenon to consider when evaluating the fire behavior of concrete, as this can sometimes have an impact on the structural capacity of the studied element. Spalling can be assessed experimentally using screening tests although it is influenced by the size, geometry, and boundary conditions of the tested element, among other factors. No standardized and systematic methods are yet available to assess concrete spalling sensitivity by testing. Plus, comparative results between screenings tests (small and medium scale) and full-scale tests to evaluate their representativity remain scarce in the literature. In this study, five different spalling tests-with different geometries and boundary conditions-that are used as screening tests were investigated. A concrete mix known to be sensitive to spalling was used to evaluate the representativity of two types of screening tests (material screening tests and intermediate-scale screening tests). The representativity of these test setups was evaluated by comparing the measured spalling depths to the spalling measured on a full-scale slab test using the same concrete mix. This comparative study confirmed that the presence of load and/or restraint was essential for a good representativity for a screening test but should always be implemented in large enough specimens.

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Strategies for improving the performance of high-strength concrete columns under fire hazard

Kodur

2008

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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Spalling in High Strength Concrete Exposed to Fire: Concerns, Causes, Critical Parameters and Cures

Cited by 113 publications

References 2 publications

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Cross‐comparison of screening tests for fire spalling of concrete

Strategies for improving the performance of high-strength concrete columns under fire hazard

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