Spalling and pore pressure in HPC at high temperatures

Kalifa, P.; Menneteau, François-Dominique; Quénard, Daniel

doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00384-7

Cited by 558 publications

(367 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The first example shows the experimental validation of the present numerical model and computer software based on it, called COMES-HTC, developed by the authors. The simulations concern the experiments performed by Kalifa et al [32] who measured the temperature and gas pressure evolution in several points of a concrete slab heated from one side to three different target temperatures. The second example deals with a concrete wall exposed to the standard ISO-834 fire.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COMES-HTC software output was compared with the results of tests carried out by Kalifa et al [32]. He monitored temperature and pore pressure (with respect to the atmospheric pressure) in six locations at different distances from the specimen surface.…”

Section: Validation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulation results concerning time development of temperature and vapor pressure for the three considered cases of heating temperature are compared with experimental values, [32], in Figures 7 8, 9, 10a, 11 and 12a. Additionally, the results concerning evolutions of relative humidity in the analyzed heating temperatures are presented in Figures 10b, 11, and 12b, showing gradual specimen drying starting from the surface layers.…”

Section: Validation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this front intensive evaporation takes place, increasing considerably the vapor pressure. The maximum values of vapor and gas pressures increase initially, [32], then they remain constant as the surface temperature increases and the front moves inwards [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Development of the cracks, both of thermo-chemical origin and the macro-stress induced ones, causes a considerable increase of the material intrinsic permeability [10,13], and thereupon gas pressure decreases in the external layers where high temperatures are observed. The highest values of gas pressure usually correspond to the temperatures 170°C to 280°C [32], and this is also the range where thermal spalling of concrete occurs. Physical causes of the phenomenon, and in particular a role played by elastic strain energy of a constrained thermal dilatation accumulated in the surface layer and by a high value of gas pressure, are discussed in detail in [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Modeling Cement Based Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Mechanics of Multi-Phase Porous Media

Gawin

Pesavento

2011

Fire Technol

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Abstract. Application of mechanics of multi-phase porous media for modeling cement based materials at high temperature is presented. The considerations are based on the mathematical model of mechanistic type, developed by the authors within recent years. The model has been previously experimentally validated and successfully applied for analyzing performance of various concrete structures at high temperature. Physical phenomena in a concrete element heated during a fire are described and analyzed, confirming multi-phase nature of concrete in these conditions. Main stages of the mathematical model development by means of hygrothermo-mechanics of porous media are briefly presented. The mass, energy and linear momentum conservation equations at micro-scale are given and averaged in space to obtain the macroscopic form of the equations. Some main key-points in modeling cement-based materials at high temperature are discussed. Final form of the model equations and method of their numerical solution are presented. The model is validated by comparison with some published results of experimental studies. Two examples of the model application for numerical simulation of concrete structures exposed to fire conditions, including also a cooling phase, are analyzed.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Modeling Cement Based Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Mechanics of Multi-Phase Porous Media

Gawin

Pesavento

2011

Fire Technol

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Methods to Assess the Drying Ability of Refractory Castables

Meunier¹,

Ermtraud²

2014

Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013)

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Einfluss der Zusammensetzung von Zementstein auf das Abplatzverhalten von Beton im Brandfall

Reiners

Müller

2018

Bautechnik

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Laut Eurocode 2, Teil 1‐2 sind explosive Betonabplatzungen im Brandfall unwahrscheinlich, wenn der Feuchtegehalt des Betons weniger als k Gew.‐% beträgt. Bei über k Gew.‐% des Betons sollte eine genauere Beurteilung der Art der Gesteinskörnung, der Durchlässigkeit und der Erwärmungsgeschwindigkeit in Betracht gezogen werden. In einem Forschungsvorhaben am VDZ wurde untersucht, welche Feuchtegehalte und ‐verteilungen bei Betonen verschiedener Zusammensetzungen bei üblichen Umweltbedingungen typischerweise vorliegen, um so eine Abschätzung zur Frage zu ermöglichen, in welchen Fällen gemäß Eurocode 2, Teil 1‐2 explosive Betonabplatzungen unwahrscheinlich sind. Gleichzeitig wurden eigene experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Betonzusammensetzung und des Feuchtegehalts auf das Auftreten von Abplatzen beim Erhitzen von Beton durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde ein Versuchsaufbau („PTM‐Versuch“), der zum ersten Mal von Kalifa beschrieben wurde, durch das Aufbringen einer seitlichen Druckspannung abgewandelt. Beim PTM‐Versuch wird die Oberfläche eines Betonkörpers mit elektrischen Heizstrahlern erhitzt und dabei die Änderung von Porendruck, Temperatur und Masse erfasst. Bei den Versuchen im VDZ zeigte sich, dass die Druckspannungen, die aufgebracht wurden, entscheidend für das Auftreten von explosivem Abplatzen waren. Des Weiteren lassen die Versuchsergebnisse den Schluss zu, dass hohe Porendrücke nicht die Hauptursache des Auftretens von Abplatzen von Beton sind.

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Spalling and pore pressure in HPC at high temperatures

Cited by 558 publications

References 9 publications

An Overview of Modeling Cement Based Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Mechanics of Multi-Phase Porous Media

An Overview of Modeling Cement Based Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Mechanics of Multi-Phase Porous Media

Methods to Assess the Drying Ability of Refractory Castables

Einfluss der Zusammensetzung von Zementstein auf das Abplatzverhalten von Beton im Brandfall

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