Spallation target cryogenic cooling design challenges at the European Spallation Source

Jurns, John M.; Ringnér, J.; Quack, H.; Arnold, Philipp; Weisend, J. G.; Lyngh, D

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/101/1/012082

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A significant portion of the helium is deposited in the long transfer lines connecting the TMCP and its load (the CDS) in the target building. The cryoplant loads and cools down about 350 kg of helium from warm to operating conditions [119].…”

Section: Accelerator Cryoplantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neutronic heat load scales directly with the proton beam power, varying significantly over different time scales, with a maximum of 17kW. The CMS is part of a larger integrated cryogenic cooling system that also includes a helium TMCP [144]. Neutronic heat deposited into the hydrogen circuit from the moderators is in turn transferred to the TMCP through a heat exchanger with a capacity of 30 kW.…”

Section: Neutron Heat Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The European Spallation Source Design

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The ESS Design: Accelerator 6The ESS Design: Target 66The ESS Design: Controls 93The ESS Design: Conventional Facilities 109Physica ScriptaPhys. Scr. 93 (2018) 014001 (121pp) https://doi.org/10. 1088/1402-4896/aa9bff This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 3.0 licence. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Neutron scattering is a well-developed and extensively used means to get access to fundamental properties of biological matter as well as of physical materials. Until the end of the twentieth century that was mainly practiced with-and limited in performance by-the continuous flux of neutrons from ageing nuclear reactors (e.g. the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), the flagship of neutron research in Europe and in the world) [1]). Looking forward to the following two decades, an OECD report published in 1998 diagnosed the foreseeable decrease of the number of operational facilities [2] and the need to progress in performance. Considering the high scientific interest and the increasing importance of the subject for society at large, the report concluded by strongly recommending the construction of next generation neutron sources in America, Europe and Asia. Pulsed spallation neutron sources (SNS) using a proton beam power exceeding 1 MW were specifically mentioned as the most interesting high performance facilities in the future landscape of neutron laboratories.The USA was the first country to follow this advice by building the SNS in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) which started in 2006 [3, 4]. Japan followed in 2009 with the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) in Tokai [5,6]. In Europe, the subject was part of a concerted effort to further develop the European world-leading largescale research infrastructures suite. In 2003, the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), set up by the Research Ministries of the Member States and associated countries, concluded that a 5 MW long-pulse, single target station layout with nominally 22 'public' instruments was the optimum technical reference design for an European Spallation Source (ESS) that would meet the needs of the European science community in the second quarter of the century [7].Six years later, in 2009, it materialised in a real project with the adoption of the site of Lund (Sweden). A preconstruction phase followed until the end of 2013 during which the design was finalised [8]. Construction then started with the first neutron beams planned to be available in 2019, and the ESS facility to be operational at full performance in 2025.2 Description 2.1 Principle and specifics. The high level parameters of ESS are shown in table 1. As at SNS and J-PARC, neutrons at ESS are produced by spallation, when the 2 GeV protons hit the meta...

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Section: Accelerator Cryoplantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neutron Heat Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European Spallation Source Design

et al. 2017

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“…The TMCP consists not only of compressor system and coldbox but also a jumper spool box that is directly interfacing the CMS cryostat via U-tube jumper connections and that is 340 m of cryogenic transfer line away from the TMCP main coldbox. This is one of the challenges, making the control concept of the TMCP and CMS more complex [15]. The valves of the jumper spool box will be controlled by the CMS.…”

Section: Communication Requirements Between Subsystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESS Cryogenic Controls Design

2021

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The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron-scattering facility funded and supported in collaboration with 13 European countries in Lund, Sweden. Cryogenic cooling at ESS is vital particularly for the linear accelerator, the hydrogen target moderators, a test stand for cryomodules, the neutron instruments and their sample environments. The paper will focus on the control system design for the different cryogenic subsystems, hardware and software selected, industry and in-house development, advantages and disadvantages of the chosen setup and operational experience. There is also a lessons learned, feedback from providers and stakeholders and an outlook for further development described.

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“…The overall liquid hydrogen inventory is 0.344 m 3 . The CMS is cooled by a helium refrigeration plant, which is called the Target Moderator Cryoplant (TMCP) [5]. All the relief devices and active control release valves are connected to a hydrogen vent line (HVL) 2 with a total length of 36 m. The HVL maintains a helium atmosphere with positive pressure by a check valve with a cracking pressure of 3.7 kPa [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure analysis of leaks due to cracks in hydrogen transfer lines of ESS cryogenic moderator

Tatsumoto

Lyngh

Arnold

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The ESS cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) has been designed to slow down the high-energy neutrons by means of two hydrogen moderators (to be increased to four in the future) by using forced flow of subcooled liquid hydrogen with a temperature of 17 K at 1.0 MPa. A liquid hydrogen leak is considered the most severe failure for the CMS. A leak scenario from the transfer line to its vacuum envelope through a crack have been analyzed and the expected results will be presented in this paper. An analysis code has been developed and calculated the pressure and temperature changes in the CMS process line and its vacuum envelope. The effect of the crack sizes is clarified. The consequential temperature changes along the vacuum envelope as well as the pressure drops were calculated. The required size of the safety relief device in the hydrogen transfer line and its vacuum envelope have thereby been determined and implemented.

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Spallation target cryogenic cooling design challenges at the European Spallation Source

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

The European Spallation Source Design

The European Spallation Source Design

ESS Cryogenic Controls Design

Failure analysis of leaks due to cracks in hydrogen transfer lines of ESS cryogenic moderator

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