Spallation and fission products in the (p+179Hf) and (p+natHf) reactions

Karamian, S. A.; Ur, C. A.; Adam, J.; Kalinnikov, V. G.; Lebedev, N.A.; Vostokin, G. K.; Collins, C. B.; Popescu, Iovitzu

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.001

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…During the spallation process, the nucleus is converted into different elements. The spallation product is mainly at the excitation level and can be de-excited by emitting gamma and hard X-rays [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Usually, spallation has a specific threshold energy for every target [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the hard X-ray production via proton spallation on different materials to detect elements

Khezripour,

Rezaie,

Hassanpour

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Various atomic and nuclear methods use hard (high-energy) X-rays to detect elements. The current study aims to investigate the hard X-ray production rate via high-energy proton beam irradiation of various materials. For which, appropriate conditions for producing X-rays were established. The MCNPX code, based on the Monte Carlo method, was used for simulation. Protons with energies up to 1650 MeV were irradiated on various materials such as carbon, lithium, lead, nickel, salt, and soil, where the resulting X-ray spectra were extracted. The production of X-rays in lead was observed to increase 16 times, with the gain reaching 0.18 as the proton energy increases from 100 MeV to 1650 MeV. Comparatively, salt is a good candidate among the lightweight elements to produce X-rays at a low proton energy of 30 MeV with a production gain of 0.03. Therefore, it is suggested to irradiate the NaCl target with 30 MeV proton to produce X-rays in the 0–2 MeV range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the hard X-ray production via proton spallation on different materials to detect elements

Khezripour,

Rezaie,

Hassanpour

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The incident energy in a spallation reaction is above tens of A MeV, which covers the ranges of intermediate energy, relativistic energy, and even higher energies. As a result of the spallation reaction, various radioactive nuclei can be produced, the research regarding which has important applications in several disciplines, including nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, isotopicseparation-online (ISOL)-type radioactive-ion-beam facilities, upcoming third-generation radioactive nuclear beams facilities, ADS for nuclear energy [2] and nuclear waste transmutation [3,4], radioactive nuclei synthesis (especially for extreme nuclei and nuclear isomers [5]), accelerator material radiation [6], and proton therapy [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian-neural-network prediction for fragment production in proton induced spallation reaction *

Peng

Wei

et al. 2020

Chinese Phys. C

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Fragment production in spallation reactions yields key infrastructure data for various applications. Based on the empirical SPACS parameterizations, a Bayesian-neural-network (BNN) approach is established to predict the fragment cross sections in proton-induced spallation reactions. A systematic investigation has been performed for the measured proton-induced spallation reactions of systems ranging from intermediate to heavy nuclei systems and incident energies ranging from 168 MeV/u to 1500 MeV/u. By learning the residuals between the experimental measurements and SPACS predictions, it is found that the BNN-predicted results are in good agreement with the measured results. The established method is suggested to benefit the related research on nuclear astrophysics, nuclear radioactive beam sources, accelerator driven systems, proton therapy, etc.

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