“…According to Park and Choi (2014), "educational spaces convey an image of educational philosophy about teaching and learning" (p. 750). Thus, the learning space symbolically and silently influences a learning episode, which has prompted more educational institutions to consider the planning and construction of learning spaces (Jankowska & Atlay, 2008;Zandvliet & Broekhuizen, 2017). Despite the fact that classroom furnishings are often beyond instructor control, they have been found to partially influence student evaluations of instructor effectiveness (Safer, Farmer, Segalla, & Elhoubi, 2005).…”