Space Weather Effects on Power Transmission Systems: The Cases of Hydro-Québec and Transpower New ZealandLtd

Beland, J.; Small, Kevin

doi:10.1007/1-4020-2754-0_15

Cited by 71 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These storms represent a hazard to power transmission infrastructure through their potential to interfere with operations and result in damage to transformers and other critical components. Infrastructure damage due to magnetic storms has occurred on numerous occasions, such as the March 1989 storm that caused blackouts in the Hydro-Quebec power grid of Canada (e.g., Allen et al 1989;Béland and Small 2005) as well as power failures from the August 1972 storm (e.g., Anderson et al 1974). Interest in averting the deleterious effects of magnetic storms has motivated regulatory agencies to issue instructions to power grid companies to assess the resilience of their operations and infrastructure in preparation for future magnetic storms (FERC 2013) (Order No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones

Cuttler

Love

Swidinsky

2018

Earth Planets Space

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Geomagnetic field data obtained through the INTERMAGNET program are convolved with with magnetotelluric surface impedance from four EarthScope USArray sites to estimate the geoelectric variations throughout the duration of a magnetic storm. A duration of time from June 22, 2016, to June 25, 2016, is considered which encompasses a magnetic storm of moderate size recorded at the Brandon, Manitoba and Fredericksburg, Virginia magnetic observatories over 3 days. Two impedance sites were chosen in each case which represent different responses while being within close geographic proximity and within the same physiographic zone. This study produces estimated time series of the geoelectric field throughout the duration of a magnetic storm, providing an understanding of how the geoelectric field differs across small geographic distances within the same physiographic zone. This study shows that the geoelectric response of two sites within 200 km of one another can differ by up to two orders of magnitude (4484 mV/km at one site and 41 mV/km at another site 125 km away). This study demonstrates that the application of uniform 1-dimensional conductivity models of the subsurface to wide geographic regions is insufficient to predict the geoelectric hazard at a given site. This necessitates that an evaluation of the 3-dimensional conductivity distribution at a given location is necessary to produce a reliable estimation of how the geoelectric field evolves over the course of a magnetic storm.© The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones

Cuttler

Love

Swidinsky

2018

Earth Planets Space

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“…Highlatitude countries (in particular those in the auroral zone band of 55-70 • geographic latitude, where the auroral electrojet dominates) and regions of high ground resistivity are most susceptible to GICs , and there have been several studies conducted in these areas (Viljanen and Pirjola, 1994;Beamish et al, 2002;Wik et al, 2008;Myllys et al, 2014). Research into GICs in lowlatitude and equatorial countries such as the Czech Republic (Hejda and Bochníček, 2005), Brazil (da Silva Barbosa et al, 2015), Spain (Torta et al, 2012), Greece (Zois, 2013), Japan (Watari et al, 2009), South Africa (Bernhardi et al, 2008;Matandirotya et al, 2015), Australia (Marshall et al, 2011), and New Zealand (Beland and Small, 2005), which were previously considered to be at low risk from all but the most extreme geomagnetic storms, show that considerable GICs (in the range of tens of amperes) do also appear at lower latitudes. In these regions, large geomagnetic variations have been shown to result from ring current intensification, where solar wind is the driving force (Kappenman, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in midlatitude Central Europe using a thin-sheet approach

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems, which can lead to transformer damage over the short and the long term, are a result of space weather events and geomagnetic variations. For a long time, only high-latitude areas were considered to be at risk from these currents, but recent studies show that considerable GICs also appear in midlatitude and equatorial countries. In this paper, we present initial results from a GIC model using a thinsheet approach with detailed surface and subsurface conductivity models to compute the induced geoelectric field. The results are compared to measurements of direct currents in a transformer neutral and show very good agreement for shortperiod variations such as geomagnetic storms. Long-period signals such as quiet-day diurnal variations are not represented accurately, and we examine the cause of this misfit. The modelling of GICs from regionally varying geoelectric fields is discussed and shown to be an important factor contributing to overall model accuracy. We demonstrate that the Austrian power grid is susceptible to large GICs in the range of tens of amperes, particularly from strong geomagnetic variations in the east-west direction.

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“…While Béland and Small (2004) and Marshall et al (2012) both report on operational procedures put in place to manage the risk of GIC to the New Zealand grid, from 2001 to date, a similarly sized event has yet to affect the South Island. In addition to the New Zealand rank number, peak |H 0 | value and UT time, Table 1 also lists the associated geomagnetic indices (aa* ranking, Kp, ap, and the EYR ak index, each of which describe various variations in the geomagnetic field) and GIC observations for these events.…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter event occurred on 13-14 July 1982 where disturbances of ≥2,000 nT/min were measured in central and southern Sweden, coincident with geoelectric field readings of 9.1 V/km and were associated with tripping of transformers and lines (Wik et al, 2009). During May 1921 in the same region geoelectric fields of~20 V/km are thought to have occurred, suggesting peak magnetic field changes of ≥4,000 nT/min (Kappenman, 2004 (Béland & Small, 2004) and was subsequently analyzed in detail (Marshall et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 14, Issue 4, 2017

2018

Space Weather Quarterly

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Space Weather Effects on Power Transmission Systems: The Cases of Hydro-Québec and Transpower New ZealandLtd

Cited by 71 publications

References 1 publication

Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones

Geoelectric hazard assessment: the differences of geoelectric responses during magnetic storms within common physiographic zones

Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in midlatitude Central Europe using a thin-sheet approach

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 14, Issue 4, 2017

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