Space–time variations of stresses in the Miocene–Quaternary along the Calama–Olacapato–El Toro Fault Zone, Central Andes

Lanza, Federica; Tibaldi, Alessandro; Bonali, Fabio Luca; Corazzato, C.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.029

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Lanza et al . [] present similar results for spatial‐temporal variation in the stress field along the Olacapato‐El Toro lineament, eastward of the Tuyajto area. Interestedly, these authors suggest the existence of an extensional phase, occurring after the compressional one of >9 Ma, followed by a E‐W compression, N‐S extension strike‐slip regime, in agreement with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…These lineaments can be traced into the Western Cordillera, where they apparently died out. In detail, they are characterized by subparallel regional faults with Plio‐Quaternary sinistral strike‐slip movement and associated volcano feeding systems [ Marrett et al ., ; Riller et al ., ; Acocella et al ., ; Bonali et al ., ; Lanza et al ., ].…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies from the High Andes of Perú and Bolivia have revealed the existence of a Quaternary extensional regime with SH min oriented parallel to the strike of the Andes (Figure a) [ Heidbach et al ., , and references therein], presumably as a consequence of excess of gravitational potential energy due to the ~4000 m high topographic elevation [ Dalmayrac and Molnar , ; Mercier , ; Sébrier et al ., , ; Mercier et al ., ; Assumpção and Araujo , ]. In the Altiplano/Puna plateau, previous structural studies reveal important kinematic changes during the late Cenozoic deformation from contraction to extension [ Allmendinger et al ., ; Marrett et al ., ; Cladouhus et al ., ; Riller et al ., ; Elger et al ., ; Tibaldi et al ., ; Acocella et al ., ; Lanza et al ., ; Daxberger and Riller , ]. These studies suggest that, despite ongoing overall shortening in the Andean orogen, the gravitational stresses initiate normal and strike‐slip faulting and force deformation toward lower elevations in the foreland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variation of the stress field during the construction of the central Andes: Constrains from the volcanic arc region (22-26°S), Western Cordillera, Chile, during the last 20 Ma

Giambiagi

Álvarez²,

Spagnotto

2016

Tectonics

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In order to understand the response of the stress field state to intrinsic processes during the construction of the Andes, such as thickening of the continental crust, lithospheric delamination, and/or thermal weakening, we investigate the stress field evolution of the arc region since the last 20 Myr, in the central Andes (22–26.5°S). The 43 reduced paleostress tensors derived from inversion of 682 fault slip data reveal a complex pattern of stress states during the last episode of orogenic construction and topographic uplift. We identify two geodynamic stages: the first stage corresponds to the construction of the Altiplano/Puna plateau and the second one to its gravitational collapse. Four stress states that have prevailed in the Altiplano/Puna plateau since middle Miocene times characterize the transition from one stage to the other. Along the study latitudes, a spatiotemporal change in stress state is clearly observed, which led to an understanding that a change in the stress field may be related not only to the boundary conditions but also to intrinsic factors associated with the construction of the Andean orogeny. Our results suggest that approximately at 13–10 Ma and approximately 8–5 Ma, in the southern Altiplano and northern Puna, and in the southern Puna, respectively, regional elevation and crustal thicknesses reached threshold values necessary to generate the orogenic collapse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variation of the stress field during the construction of the central Andes: Constrains from the volcanic arc region (22-26°S), Western Cordillera, Chile, during the last 20 Ma

Giambiagi

Álvarez²,

Spagnotto

2016

Tectonics

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“…They could be east dipping thrust or reverse faults, consistent with the kinematics and orientation of other structures in the basin. Alternatively, these faults are parallel to strike-slip and extensional faults on the Puna Plateau mapped by Schoenbohm and Strecker (2009), to minor Quaternary strike-slip faults in the Cachi Range (Pearson et al, 2012), and to a major fault zone immediately north of the study area, which records Quaternary strike-slip faulting and extension on the Puna Plateau (Lanza et al, 2013). Plio-Quaternary strike-slip and extensional tectonics in NW Argentina have been attributed to gravitational spreading on the Puna Plateau, potentially in response to lithospheric foundering (Schoenbohm & Strecker, 2009;Zhou et al, 2013).…”

Section: Tectonic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina

et al. 2019

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Unraveling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, 10Be‐derived catchment mean modern and paleo‐erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating local base‐level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 121.9 ± 13.7 mm/kyr, and paleo‐erosion rates, ranging from 56 +43/‐19 to 105 +60/‐33 mm/kyr, are similar, possibly suggesting that Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic 10Be. However, punctuated abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 +15.0/‐11.6, 91.2 +54.2/‐22.2, and 151 +92.7/‐34.1 ka and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest periods of landscape transience, possibly reflecting climate cyclicity. Our results emphasize the role of tectonic uplift and lithologic contrasts in shaping long‐term erosion rates and channel morphology at the relatively local scale of the Calchaqui River Catchment, in contrast to regional‐scale studies which find precipitation to exert the dominant control.

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“…These difficulties can be overcome with a multidisciplinary approach, combining detailed, field-based structural mapping with geologic observations at different scales and various types of geophysical datasets; such an approach has led to the recognition of this type of lithospheric-scale structures in different geological settings, improving our understanding about their complex reactivation histories and their relationship with magmatic-hydrothermal activity (e.g. Chernicoff et al, 2002;Gow and Walshe, 2005;Cembrano and Lara, 2009;Acocella et al, 2011;Lanza et al, 2013;Richards et al, 2013;Fox et al, 2015;Febbo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Piuquencillo fault system: a long-lived, Andean-transverse fault system and its relationship with magmatic and hydrothermal activity

Piquer

Rivera²,

Yáñez

et al. 2021

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Lithospheric-scale fault systems control the large-scale permeability in the Earth's crust and lithospheric mantle, and its proper recognition is fundamental to understand the geometry and distribution of mineral deposits, volcanic and plutonic complexes and geothermal systems. However, their manifestations at the current surface can be very subtle, as in many cases they are oriented oblique to the current continental margin and to the axis of the magmatic arc; be partially obliterated by younger, arc-parallel faults; and also be covered by volcanic and sedimentary deposits, through which the fault might propagate vertically. The Piuquencillo fault system (PFS) is a proposed lithospheric-scale fault system, located in the Main Cordillera of central Chile. Here, we present the results of the first detailed field study of the PFS, based on structural data collected at 82 structural stations distributed across all the western Main Cordillera. The first published U–Pb zircon ages for the La Obra batholith, which is bounded to the south by the PFS but also affected by younger reactivations of it, were obtained. They yielded 20.79 ± 0.13 Ma (granodiorite) and 20.69 ± 0.07 Ma (monzogranite). Statistical analysis of fault-plane data shows that the presence of the PFS is reflected on a strong preferred NW to WNW strike, with variable dip directions, evident from the analysis of the total fault-plane population and also from individual segments of the PFS. In some segments, the presence of major NE- to ENE-striking faults which intersect the PFS is also reflected in the preferred orientation of fault planes. Preferred orientations of hydrothermal veins, breccias and dikes show that both the PFS and some ENE-striking faults were capable of channelling hydrothermal fluids and magma. Kinematic and dynamic analysis of fault-plane data reveals that most of the PFS was reactivated with sinistral ± reverse kinematics during the Neogene, under a strike-slip to transpressive regime with E- to ENE-trending shortening direction (σ1). Detailed kinematic and dynamic analyses were completed for various segments of the PFS and also for the different rock units affected by it. This study supports the concept that the PFS is a lithospheric-scale fault system, which strongly controlled deformation and the flow of magmas and hydrothermal fluids during the Neogene. The PFS forms part of a larger, margin-transverse structure, the Maipo deformation zone, a continental-scale discontinuity which cut across the entire Chilean continental margin and has been active at least since the Jurassic.

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Space–time variations of stresses in the Miocene–Quaternary along the Calama–Olacapato–El Toro Fault Zone, Central Andes

Cited by 25 publications

References 92 publications

Temporal variation of the stress field during the construction of the central Andes: Constrains from the volcanic arc region (22-26°S), Western Cordillera, Chile, during the last 20 Ma

Temporal variation of the stress field during the construction of the central Andes: Constrains from the volcanic arc region (22-26°S), Western Cordillera, Chile, during the last 20 Ma

Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina

The Piuquencillo fault system: a long-lived, Andean-transverse fault system and its relationship with magmatic and hydrothermal activity

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