Space–time process and drivers of land abandonment in Europe

Catchment based hydrology under post farmland abandonment scenarios

“…In the Mediterranean region, widespread farmland abandonment began in the 1950s and continued through to the 1970s (Lasanta et al, 2017a). This abandonment period, which began later than in most western European countries, coincided with a period of industrialization and population migration to cities.…”

“…Although vegetation tends to expand in the three study catchments, our findings suggest that the evolution of land cover on abandoned farmland varies widely, resulting in diverse post land abandonment scenarios, with differing hydrological implications. Moreover, the dominance of shrub cover in some of the study catchments suggests that forest can still expand in the near future (Verburg and Overmars, 2009;Lasanta et al, 2017a), making the forecast of water resources challenging.…”

“…The expected increase in vegetation in these abandoned areas during the next few decades (Verburg and Overmars, 2009;Lasanta et al, 2017a) will likely have important environmental implications, making water availability in this region challenging. The heterogeneity of landscapes present in mountainous regions of the Mediterranean increases the uncertainty in forecasting changes in water resources and soil conservation.…”

中国2000-2010年耕地低效转化的空间特征

“…。 其次，在农牧交错带等特定地区，受降水波动的影响，种植业与牧业交替进行，耕地向 草地转化时常发生。最后，至关重要的影响来自城市化的快速发展。随着大量农村剩余 劳动力向城市转移，加上农地流转不畅，人为导致的耕地撂荒现象日益严重 [3][4] 。从土地 利用变化的结果来看，在一定时间内，上述 3 种情况均表现为耕地向草地、灌木或裸地 的转化 [2,5] 。这种利用方式由集约型向粗放型、产出效益趋于减少的转化可以认为是耕地 的低效转化。耕地低效转化不仅影响粮食产量，还对生物多样性、土壤恢复、碳汇等具 有重要影响 [6][7] 。因此，利用高精度遥感数据分析耕地低效转化的空间分布特征，既可以 揭示我国土地利用变化的现状和问题，又有助于进一步探究其相关效应，为制定保证区 [8] 。相对而言，对于耕地撂荒 （Cropland Abandonment） 、农牧转化等造 成耕地低效转化的研究关注较少，且"撂荒"的含义也不确定 [7,[9][10][11] 。比如 Lieskovský等将 欧洲 CORINE Land Cover 分类系统中原有耕地转化为灌木或草本植物、少植被或无植被 覆盖的空地、内陆湿地的部分作为撂荒耕地 [12][13][14] Table 3 The regional decomposition of Theil Index and its percentage contribute …”

Europe: the paradox of landscape change : A case-study based contribution to the understanding of landscape transitions

“…In parts of Western Europe, this has been followed by 'counter-urbanisation' with urban dwellers settling in the rural areas, introducing new farm functionality and raising the prices for land and farms (OECD 2006;Primdahl et al 2009). In remote regions in Scandinavia, Southern-and Eastern Europe, economically unproductive farm areas are increasingly abandoned (Beilin et al 2014), reforested, or included in rewilding for nature values with the creation of nature reserves or parks (Navarro and Pereira 2012), in particular, also in marginal mountainous areas (Lasanta et al 2017;MacDonald et al 2000). In some cases, new residents settle in the depopulated areas, but they are often disconnected from the countryside, have different interests, and different views on landscape management, or even landscaping around their house.…”