Space-time analysis of COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 wastewater loading: A geodemographic perspective

Nelson, Jake R.; Lu, Alisa; Maestre, Juan P.; Palmer, Emma J.; Jarma, David; Kinney, Kerry A.; Grubesic, Tony H.; Kirisits, Mary Jo

doi:10.1016/j.sste.2022.100521

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…5c, d). This result is also consistent with recent studies (Haak et al 2022;Nelson et al 2022). It can be recognized that the application of the Gi* model can reveal the potential disease risk as well as explain the underlying origin of the infection with high certainty.…”

Section: Identi Cation Of Hot Spot Clusterssupporting

confidence: 94%

Identifying spatiotemporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater: from the perspective of upstream and downstream wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Tran,

You,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Recently, many efforts have been made to address the rapid spread of newly identi ed COVID-19 virus variants . Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered as a potential early warning tool for identifying the rapid spread of this virus. This study investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their sewerage systems which serve most of the population in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Across the entire study period, the wastewater viral concentrations were correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in each WWTP (Spearman' r = 0.23 -0.76). In addition, it is con rmed that several treatment technologies could effectively eliminate the virus RNA from WWTPs in uent (> 90 %). On the other hand, further results revealed that an inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation and hot spot model combined with geographic information system (GIS) method could be applied to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from sewer system. In addition, socioeconomic factors namely population density, land-use, and tax-income were successfully identi ed as the potentials drivers which substantially affect the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. Finally, the data obtained from this study can provide a powerful tool in public health decision-making not only in response to the current epidemic situation but also other epidemic issues in the future.

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Section: Identi Cation Of Hot Spot Clusterssupporting

confidence: 94%

Identifying spatiotemporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater: from the perspective of upstream and downstream wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Tran,

You,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…However, daily sampling would not be feasible for most communities, nor would it be cost‐effective. Sampling twice per week for SARS‐CoV‐2 was determined to be sufficient to avoid detection inaccuracies and was sufficient to correlate with a 7‐ to 8‐day lag time in case detection at two Austin WWTPs (Feng et al 2021; Nelson et al 2022). In El Paso, a nearly weekly sampling approach had a 4‐ to 24‐day lag time (Gitter et al 2023); therefore, a biweekly sampling strategy would be more practical when limited resources and personnel are considered, especially in a rural community (Feng et al 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large volume for collections (1-2 L) especially when low incidence of COVID cases is expected Ahmed et al 2022 Composite influent samples over a 24-hr period sampled one to two days per week at 12 WWTPs and daily for five days per week for two WWTPs A three-day per week sampling frequency evenly spaced apart will not compromise surveillance and a non-consecutive two-day per week frequency has minimal impact on surveillance sufficient to correlate with a 7-to 8-day lag time in case detection at two Austin WWTPs (Feng et al 2021;Nelson et al 2022). In El Paso, a nearly weekly sampling approach had a 4-to 24-day lag time (Gitter et al 2023); therefore, a biweekly sampling strategy would be more practical when limited resources and personnel are considered, especially in a rural community (Feng et al 2021).…”

Section: Ahmed Et Al 2022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Wastewater‐based Public Health Monitoring Systems in Texas’ Small Rural Communities

Mendoza‐Sanchez,

Smyth,

Mendez

et al. 2024

Contemporary Water Research

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In recent years, there has been much focus on the use of wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) in urban centers, particularly for SARS‐CoV‐2 monitoring. However, less is known about the application of WBE in rural settings or in areas of limited resources. Most WBE programs in low‐resource communities have occurred outside the United States. To reap the benefits, WBE would need to be tailored to better reflect the socioeconomic challenges, technical barriers, communication limitations, and variable wastewater infrastructures associated with rural communities. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential opportunities and challenges of deploying the current SARS‐CoV‐2 monitoring methodologies in small, rural communities, with a particular focus on rural Texas. For this, we conducted an inventory of rural communities in the state of Texas and their wastewater infrastructure. Based on specific rural examples, we evaluated the potential of current WBE methodologies used in urban settings to monitor for emerging biological agents of concern such as SARS‐CoV‐2. Our findings include an overview of rural wastewater capacity across rural Texas, a look at current WBE efforts to detect SARS‐CoV‐2, and recommendations for future implementation in two cities in rural counties, Kerrville and Valentine. WBE is a rapidly evolving public health tool with several notable advantages associated with cost, access, and adaptability. It is of particular use in resource‐limited communities that often exhibit healthcare disparities. This study presents the first overview of the feasibility of implementing WBE in the rural settings of Texas. We provide several recommendations and suggest alternatives that may be of use when planning an expansion of WBE into these areas.

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“…Water quality researchers might find utility in these data examining freshwater systems and discharge locations. With the sewershed boundaries, researchers now have estimates for where sewer systems border or even cross waterways enabling inclusion of these data in research plans as has been done before [9]. In addition, hydrology research can use these data to understand the flow of wastewater to treatment plants from communities and potential relationships with topography and hydrography [31].…”

Section: Applications For Public Health Research and Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to providing information on infectious disease threats to public health [6], testing wastewater can inform understanding of the burden of opioid and other drug use in a community [7]. Linking the population to the wastewater sample is a key step in WBE [8,9], as accurate population estimates are needed to understand what is found in wastewater in terms of population-level burden and create statistical models that use these data [10]. Linking the sample to the population is also necessary for precise public health intervention if an outbreak is detected [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using geographic information systems to link population estimates to wastewater surveillance data in New York State, USA

Hill

Larsen

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Sewer systems provide many services to communities that have access to them beyond removal of waste and wastewater. Understanding of these systems’ geographic coverage is essential for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), which requires accurate estimates for the population contributing wastewater. Reliable estimates for the boundaries of a sewer service area or sewershed can be used to link upstream populations to wastewater samples taken at treatment plants or other locations within a sewer system. These geographic data are usually managed by public utilities, municipal offices, and some government agencies, however, there are no centralized databases for geographic information on sewer systems in New York State. We created a database for all municipal sewersheds in New York State for the purpose of supporting statewide wastewater surveillance efforts to support public health. We used a combination of public tax records with sewer access information, physical maps, and municipal records to organize and draw digital boundaries compatible with geographic information systems. The methods we employed to create these data will be useful to inform similar efforts in other jurisdictions and the data have many public health applications as well as being informative for water/environmental research and infrastructure projects.

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Space-time analysis of COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 wastewater loading: A geodemographic perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Identifying spatiotemporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater: from the perspective of upstream and downstream wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Identifying spatiotemporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater: from the perspective of upstream and downstream wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)

Feasibility of Wastewater‐based Public Health Monitoring Systems in Texas’ Small Rural Communities

Using geographic information systems to link population estimates to wastewater surveillance data in New York State, USA

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