Space-related research in mycology concurrent with the first decade of manned space exploration

Dublin, Morris; Volz, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/bf00924469

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We have concluded from our studies that exposure of wild-type T. terrestre resulted in a phenotype whose whole-cell phospholipid contents varied from that of the wild type. Other studies support the fact that exposure of microbes to space environment results in changes detected upon return to earth (6,7,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Phosphoglycerides of Trichophyton terrestre and One Phenotype Selected from the Apollo 16 Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device

Sawyer¹,

Deskins²,

Volz³

1975

Applied Microbiology

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Total lipid extracted from wild-type Trichophyton terrestre CDC-X285 Was found to be 2.0% of the dry cell weight. The total lipid contained the following phospholipid components identified by silicic acid-impregnated thin-layer and paper chromatography: phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidic acid. The total lipid extracted from the phenotype T. terrestre 7048-1 isolated from the Apollo 16 Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED) was found to vary according to the time at which the phospholipids were extracted. The Trichophyton phenotype was selected from a cuvette housed in the MEED exposed to specific space parameters including ultraviolet light of known wavelengths and energy levels in deep space. The phospholipid components identified in the phenotype were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and cardiolipin. The major lipid fraction was composed of digalactosyl diglyceride and monogalactosyl diglyceride. An unusual lipid was detected in the phenotype, which appeared to be sterol glycoside.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Phosphoglycerides of Trichophyton terrestre and One Phenotype Selected from the Apollo 16 Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device

Sawyer¹,

Deskins²,

Volz³

1975

Applied Microbiology

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“…The UV induced Aspergillus terreus mutants at 254 nm, lessens its survival to 5 % after 2 h of exposure, while the synergy of H 2 O and UV light accelerated the mortality (Wix et al, 1959 ;Jakubowska et al, 1960;Grebeshova, 1964;Ishiie, 1966;Matsushima and Simada, 1967;Chang et al, 1968). At the same time filamentous fungi exposed to spaceflight stress including UV exposure (Glembotskiy et al, 1962;Volz and Dublin, 1973;Dublin and Volz, 1973;Horneck et al, 1974;Horneck et al, 1988) indicated that UV photons longer than 200 nm are responsible for the high mortality of microorganisms.…”

Section: Spores Irradiated With Low Intensity Vuv Photons At 10 -4 Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplanetary survival probability of Aspergillus terreus spores under simulated solar vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

Sarantopoulou¹,

Gomoiu²,

Kollia³

et al. 2011

Planetary and Space Science

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This work is a part of ESA/EU SURE project aiming to quantify the survival probability of fungal spores in space under solar irradiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) (110-180 nm) spectral region. The contribution and impact of VUV photons, vacuum, low temperature and their synergies, on the survival probability of Aspergillus terreus spores is measured at simulated space conditions on Earth. To simulate the solar VUV irradiation, the spores are irradiated with a continuous discharge VUV hydrogen photon source and a molecular fluorine laser, at low and high photon intensities at 10 15 photon m -2 s -1 and 3.9 x 10 27 photons pulse -1 m -2 s -1 respectively. The survival probability of spores is independent from the intensity and the fluence of photons, within certain limits, in agreement with previous studies. The spores are shielded from a thin carbon layer, which is formed quickly on the external surface of the proteinaceous membrane at higher photon intensities at the start of the VUV irradiation. Extrapolated the results in space conditions, for an interplanetary direct transfer orbit from Mars to Earth, the spores will be irradiated with 3.3 x 10 21 solar VUV photons m -2 . This photon fluence is equivalent to the irradiation of spores on Earth with 54 laser pulses with an experimental ~92% survival probability, disregarding the contribution of space vacuum and low temperature, or to continuous solar VUV irradiation for 38 days in space near the Earth with an extrapolated ~61% survival probability. The experimental results indicate that the damage of spores is mainly from the dehydration stress in vacuum. The high survival probability after 4 days in vacuum (~34 %), is due to the exudation of proteins on the external membrane, preventing thus further dehydration of spores. In addition, the survival probability is increasing to (~54%) at 10 K with 0.12 K/s cooling and heating rate.

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Mycology studies in space

Volz

1990

Mycopathologia

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The postflight phase of the Apollo MEED mycology attempts to identify survival according to exposure to specific quantitative space flight factors, while the second phase of studies identifies qualitative change other than cell survival [57]. Initial changes incurred in space on a fungal cell can be monitored and further examined on return of the fungal species test system to Earth. The postflight studies present a better understanding of the space environmental influences on living cells and a more clear understanding of the fungal species under examination.

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Space-related research in mycology concurrent with the first decade of manned space exploration

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Phosphoglycerides of Trichophyton terrestre and One Phenotype Selected from the Apollo 16 Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device

Phosphoglycerides of Trichophyton terrestre and One Phenotype Selected from the Apollo 16 Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device

Interplanetary survival probability of Aspergillus terreus spores under simulated solar vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

Mycology studies in space

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