Space Physiology

Beckers, Frank; Verheyden, Bart; Aubert, André

doi:10.1002/9780471740360.ebs1107

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…This fluid shift is the reason astronauts exhibit "chicken legs" and "puffy face" and causes an increase in central venous pressure, which in turn increases cardiac stroke volume and cardiac output. An increased transmural pressure in microgravity along with this cardiac distension results in plasma volume migrating from intravascular to extravascular compartments (Beckers et al 2006). Plasma volume reduction on the order of 17% has been observed on the first day of spaceflight, thus leading to an increase in hematocrit.…”

Section: Cardiovascular System and Deconditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical benefit analysis of artificial gravity as a microgravity countermeasure

2010

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Human physiological systems, especially the cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal systems, are well-known to decondition during spaceflight. Several countermeasures that are in use today have been rigorously developed over the decades to combat this deconditioning. However, these countermeasures are system specific and have proven to be only partially effective. Artificial gravity has been persistently discussed as a countermeasure that potentially has salutary effects on all physiological systems, though few ground-based studies have been performed in comparison to other countermeasures. The current analysis attempts to elucidate the effectiveness of artificial gravity by directly comparing results of previously published and unpublished deconditioning studies with those of more traditional, ground-based countermeasures (i.e. resistive exercise, aerobic exercise, lower body negative pressure, or some variation of these). Animal studies were also evaluated to supplement the knowledge base and to fill gaps in the human countermeasure literature. Designs of published studies, such as study duration, deconditioning paradigm, subject selection criteria, measurements taken, etc., were confounding variables; however, studies that had some measure of consistency between these variables were compared, although notable differences were cited in the analysis and discussion. Results indicate that for prolonged spaceflight an artificial gravity-based countermeasure may provide benefits equivalent to traditional countermeasures for the cardiovascular system. Too few comparable, human studies have been performed to draw any conclusions for the musculoskeletal system, although animal studies show some positive results. Gaps in the current knowledge of artificial gravity are identified and guidance for future deconditioning studies is offered. Based on the results of this study, a comprehensive artificial gravity protocol is proposed and future research topics using this countermeasure are

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Section: Cardiovascular System and Deconditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical benefit analysis of artificial gravity as a microgravity countermeasure

2010

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“…Since the start of human spaceflight, more than 50 years ago, it was found that microgravity is associated with many adaptations in the cardiovascular system [ 1 – 4 ]. Space flight is characterized by an absence of gravitational stress, which results in various imperative cardiovascular modifications, such as body fluid redistribution [ 5 , 6 ], cardiac atrophy [ 7 , 8 ], vascular remodeling [ 9 , 10 ], and dynamic cardiovascular regulation [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Autonomic Modulation Different between European and Chinese Astronauts?

Liu

Verheyden

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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PurposeThe objective was to investigate autonomic control in groups of European and Chinese astronauts and to identify similarities and differences.MethodsBeat-to-beat heart rate and finger blood pressure, brachial blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were measured from 10 astronauts (five European taking part in three different space missions and five Chinese astronauts taking part in two different space missions). Data recording was performed in the supine and standing positions at least 10 days before launch, and 1, 3, and 10 days after return. Cross-correlation analysis of heart rate and systolic pressure was used to assess cardiac baroreflex modulation. A fixed breathing protocol was performed to measure respiratory sinus arrhythmia and low-frequency power of systolic blood pressure variability.ResultsAlthough baseline cardiovascular parameters before spaceflight were similar in all astronauts in the supine position, a significant increase in sympathetic activity and a decrease in vagal modulation occurred in the European astronauts when standing; spaceflight resulted in a remarkable vagal decrease in European astronauts only. Similar baseline supine and standing values for heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory frequency were shown in both groups. Standing autonomic control was based on a balance of higher vagal and sympathetic modulation in European astronauts.ConclusionPost-spaceflight orthostatic tachycardia was observed in all European astronauts, whereas post-spaceflight orthostatic tachycardia was significantly reduced in Chinese astronauts. The basis for orthostatic intolerance is not apparent; however, many possibilities can be considered and need to be further investigated, such as genetic diversities between races, astronaut selection, training, and nutrition, etc.

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Space Physiology

Cited by 2 publications

References 128 publications

A critical benefit analysis of artificial gravity as a microgravity countermeasure

A critical benefit analysis of artificial gravity as a microgravity countermeasure

Is Autonomic Modulation Different between European and Chinese Astronauts?

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