Space experiment “Cellular Responses to Radiation in Space ( CellRad) ”: Hardware and biological system tests

Hellweg, Christine E.; Dilruba, Shahana; Adrian, Astrid; Feles, Sebastian; Schmitz, C.; Berger, Thomas; Przybyla, Bartos; Briganti, Luca; Fränz, M.; Segerer, Jürgen; Spitta, Luis F.; Henschenmacher, Bernd; Konda, Bikash; Diegeler, Sebastian; Baumstark‐Khan, Christa; Panitz, Corinna; Reitz, Günther

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2015.10.003

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition, cell exposure to space-environment could represent an environment “contaminated” by other stimuli (such as cosmic radiation) beyond the microgravity. Most of these studies referred an altered cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cytoskeleton disruption on flown cells, all features that could be influenced also by other stimuli present in space [40,41]. In addition, for each flight or space mission a limited amount of experiments can be performed mainly due to the small dimension of cell vessel and to the high costs, these aspects do not allow to compose a holistic puzzle of the behaviour of the cell in conditions of microgravity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Jurkat Lymphocytes to Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Morabito

Lanuti

Caprara

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The presence of microgravity conditions deeply affects the human body functions at the systemic, organ and cellular levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects induced by simulated-microgravity on non-stimulated Jurkat lymphocytes, an immune cell phenotype considered as a biosensor of the body responses, in order to depict at the cellular level the effects of such a peculiar condition. Jurkat cells were grown at 1 g or on random positioning machine simulating microgravity. On these cells we performed: morphological, cell cycle and proliferation analyses using cytofluorimetric and staining protocols—intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential and O2− measurements using fluorescent probes—aconitase and mitochondria activity, glucose and lactate content using colorimetric assays. After the first exposure days, the cells showed a more homogeneous roundish shape, an increased proliferation rate, metabolic and detoxifying activity resulted in decreased intracellular Ca2+ and ROS. In the late exposure time, the cells adapted to the new environmental condition. Our non-activated proliferating Jurkat cells, even if responsive to altered external forces, adapted to the new environmental condition showing a healthy status. In order to define the cellular mechanism(s) triggered by microgravity, developing standardized experimental approaches and controlled cell culture and simulator conditions is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Jurkat Lymphocytes to Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Morabito

Lanuti

Caprara

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…The future research on Pm is expected to bring us into the outer space. Promethium is used as a prototype radiation source in attempts to simulate space conditions on Earth (Hellweg et al, 2007 ). Since cosmic radiation is identified as the most hazardous for the health of crew participating in long-term interplanetary missions (e.g., Mars), 147 Pm radiation is used in biological experiments aimed at determination of the allowed irradiation dose range of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells survival (Hellweg et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Conclusion Outlook and Outer Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Promethium: To Strive, to Seek, to Find and Not to Yield

Elkina

Kurushkin

2020

Front. Chem.

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Promethium (Pm), element #61, got its name from the Greek Titan Prometheus, who stole fire from Zeus and passed it to people. The only element in the lanthanide series of the periodic table with no stable isotopes, Pm has found an impressive number of applications since its announcement in 1947 after World War II. Despite promethium having 38 known isotopes, 147 Pm is by far the most utilized and useful one. Promethium is used in long-life atomic batteries for satellites or space probes, satellite-to-submarine laser communication systems, "cosmic clocks" for the measurement of cosmic rays lifetime, monitoring of the changes in water content of citrus leaves caused by wetting and drying cycles in the soil, radiotherapy, and even for prevention of dandruff, to name but a few applications. During the Moon expeditions, Pm was used to illuminate instruments in the Apollo landing modules; currently it is used during preparations for long-term interplanetary missions (e.g., Mars) to simulate space conditions on Earth. This mini review offers a comprehensive illustration of promethium's history, synthesis techniques, properties, and its major applications in science, technology, and everyday life.

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“…Heavy ions radiation is densely ionizing, which have a maximum dose deposition upon entry in a medium, the depth-dose distribution is characterized by a low dose plateau upon entrance and pronounced maximum, the radiant energy is not only deposited by the primary interaction but also by secondary electrons, which may travel considerable distances from the core. Therefore, it produces more irreparable DNA break and death to cells in comparison with X rays or γ rays [1][2][3][4]. In space ight, heavy ion radiation constitutes a major health risk for astronaut, because unlike other radiation types in outer space, current shielding is unable to provide effective protection again heavy ions radiation [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radio-mitigative Effect of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides on Mice After Exposure to Carbon Ions Radiation.

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Heavy ion radiation constitutes a major health risk for astronaut in space flight, potential damage to healthy tissues surrounding the tumor target along its penetrating path should still be considered in hydrotherapy. Therefore, there is a demand for reliable countermeasure against heavy ions radiation. In this study, we will estimate the radiomitigative effect of CpG-ODN on immune tissues after carbon ions radiation (CIR). Methods: Firstly, the 30 days’ survival of mice was observed, peripheral blood cell was counted, the injury of three principal immune tissues (including bone marrow, thymus and spleen) was evaluated by histological examination, apoptosis and double strand breaks (DSB) were detected by TUNEL staining and γ-H2AX immunohistochemistry respectively, and cytokine (G-CSF, IL-6 and TNF-α) was measured by ELISA assay. Results: the 30 days’ survival improved, the injury of three principal immune tissues were obviously ameliorated, the number of γ-H2AX foci and TUNEL-positive nuclei decreased, and G-CSF, IL-6 and TNF-α expression increased by CpG-ODN treatment after CIR. Conclusion: CpG-ODN could enhanced mice survival, and ameliorate immune tissues injury, the mechanism may be that CpG-ODN induced cytokines production and inhibited the double strand breaks (DSB) and apoptosis in order to stimulate the generation and mobilization of the immune cells and reestablish immune system to combat bacterial infections.

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Space experiment “Cellular Responses to Radiation in Space ( CellRad) ”: Hardware and biological system tests

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Physiological Responses of Jurkat Lymphocytes to Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Physiological Responses of Jurkat Lymphocytes to Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Promethium: To Strive, to Seek, to Find and Not to Yield

The Radio-mitigative Effect of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides on Mice After Exposure to Carbon Ions Radiation.

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