Space Division Multiplexing in Short Reach Optical Interconnects

Butler, Douglas L.; Li, Mingjun; Li, Shenping; Geng, Ying; Khrapko, R. R.; Modavis, R. A.; Назаров, В. Н.; Koklyushkin, A. V.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2016.2619981

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this section, the analytical results of the autocorrelation and autocovariance of the STAXT evaluated from Eq. 15 Case 2: the STAXT decorrelation time is 2 minutes for pairs (1,2), (1,3) and (1,4), and 5 minutes for pairs (1,5), (1,6) and (1,7). In the case of the stationary phase shift model, the decorrelation time of 2 minutes is obtained by setting α l =18 × 10 −4 s −1 .…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multicore fiber (MCF) technology is a powerful candidate to overcome the capacity crunch foreseen for the near future in different optical networks. MCF-based systems have been recently proposed for long-haul, radio-over-fiber, access networks, or data center connectivity [1][2][3][4]. In these systems, different cores of each fiber are used for simultaneous transmission of information signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the stochastic time evolution of short-term average intercore crosstalk in multicore fibers with multiple interfering cores

Alves¹,

Cartaxo²

2018

Opt. Express

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A theoretical model for the stochastic time evolution of the intercore crosstalk (ICXT) in homogeneous weakly-coupled multicore fibers (MCF) with multiple interfering cores is proposed and validated experimentally. The model relies on the introduction of non-stationary time varying random phase shifts at every center point between the phase matching points of the MCF where the difference of the effective refractive indexes of the core of the originating signal and the core suffering from ICXT is zero. Closed form-expressions for the autocovariance of the short-term average ICXT (STAXT) with stationary and non-stationary phase shift models in MCFs with multiple excited cores are derived and validated by comparison with experimental results. These expressions enable estimating the decorrelation time of the STAXT generated by multiple interfering cores from the decorrelation times of the STAXT generated by each pair of cores. The proposed model and the ICXT measurements taken continuously over more than 150 hours show that the decorrelation time of the STAXT generated by multiple interfering cores exceeds the one obtained for the pair of cores with shorter decorrelation time. The proposed model is increasingly important to simulate and design MCF-based systems where the ICXT dynamics must be properly accounted for to develop efficient ICXT-tolerant techniques.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the stochastic time evolution of short-term average intercore crosstalk in multicore fibers with multiple interfering cores

Alves¹,

Cartaxo²

2018

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The advances in MCF fabrication enables higher spatial efficiency with a novel cross-section geometry design, such as two-pitch 10-core fiber [25], dual-ring 12-core fiber [26], and hexagonal 30-core fiber [27]. Linearly arrayed MCFs with core arrangements in a rectangular shape [28,39], as shown in Fig. 2, are well suited for integration with silicon photonic transceivers.…”

Section: A Sdm Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, are well suited for integration with silicon photonic transceivers. For instance, a 100-Gbps parallel single-mode silicon photonic system uses surface coupling with an 8-core MCF, using 4 cores for transmission and the other 4 for reception [28].…”

Section: A Sdm Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Technologies for Optical Data Center Networks: Spatial Division Multiplexing

Westergren

Chen

Agrell

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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With the continuously growing popularity of cloud services, the traffic volume inside the data centers is dramatically increasing. As a result, a scalable and efficient infrastructure for data center networks (DCNs) is required. The current optical DCNs using either individual fibers or fiber ribbons are costly, bulky, hard to manage, and not scalable. Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) based on multicore or multimode (few-mode) fibers is recognized as a promising technology to increase the spatial efficiency for optical DCNs, which opens a new way towards high capacity and scalability. This tutorial provides an overview of the components, transmission options, and interconnect architectures for SDM-based DCNs, as well as potential technical challenges and future directions. It also covers the co-existence of SDM and other multiplexing techniques, such as wavelength-division multiplexing and flexible spectrum multiplexing, in optical DCNs.

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“…Space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems based on multicore fibers (MCFs) have been recently proposed for access networks [1], radio-over-fiber [2,3], long-haul networks [4] and intra data centers communications [5]. These systems may be developed using homogeneous MCFs, as they are simple to fabricate and can offer some system advantages such as use of spatial super channels, simplified digital signal processing or switching [6], or heterogeneous MCFs that are characterized by lower intercore crosstalk (ICXT) levels and also support large transmission throughput [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercore crosstalk in direct-detection homogeneous multicore fiber systems impaired by laser phase noise

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The impact of the laser phase noise on the photodetected intercore crosstalk and performance of direct-detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multicore fiber systems is experimentally investigated. A new solution to overcome the performance fluctuations over time induced by the combined effect of laser phaser noise and intercore crosstalk is proposed. The solution uses adaptive modulation with extended time memory to estimate the bit loading scheme of each subcarrier from the mean and maximum error vector magnitude evaluated over the last ten blocks of transmitted training symbols. During measurements of up to 90 hours, intercore crosstalk power variation induced by fast laser phase noise variations exceeded 20 dB in both time and frequency, and error vector magnitude fluctuations of 4 dB were observed on a sub-second timescale. It is shown that direct-detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multicore fiber based systems employing a typical adaptive modulation solution, in which the bit loading scheme is evaluated from a single set of training symbols, suffer from unacceptable outage probabilities and are unable to counteract the fast power variations of intercore crosstalk and phase noise induced impairments. By extending the system memory used to estimate the bit loading scheme employed by the adaptive technique, an outage probability reduction by one order of magnitude is achieved. This reduction is attained by using the mean of the error vector magnitude evaluated over the last ten blocks of training symbols to estimate the bit loading scheme of subcarriers. Further reduction of the outage probability by four orders of magnitude is also demonstrated using a more conservative approach to estimate the bit loading scheme of the subcarriers. However, this conservative approach, based on the maximum error vector magnitude, may lead to additional loss of the average throughput.

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Space Division Multiplexing in Short Reach Optical Interconnects

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of the stochastic time evolution of short-term average intercore crosstalk in multicore fibers with multiple interfering cores

Characterization of the stochastic time evolution of short-term average intercore crosstalk in multicore fibers with multiple interfering cores

Enabling Technologies for Optical Data Center Networks: Spatial Division Multiplexing

Intercore crosstalk in direct-detection homogeneous multicore fiber systems impaired by laser phase noise

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