Space-Division Multiplexing

Ryf, Roland; Antonelli, Cristian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16250-4_10

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…The measurements of σ MDL,dB agree well with the theoretical prediction (2) from [21] when a value of σ g,dB = 0.30 dB is used for the per span σ MDL,dB of the 7C-MCF, which is lower than σ g,dB = 0.36 dB of the 4C-MCF. The practical impact of the MDL is reported in [38] and [104], and for an acceptable capacity reduction of 10% at a 10 −4 outage probability, a distance over 10 000 km can be achieved for the span configuration reported in [24].…”

Section: Fig 21 Q-factors For Ultralow-loss Large-effective-area Smf ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, the complexity can also be reduced by using digital subcarrier modulation, practically reducing the symbol rate of the transmitted subcarrier, which results in a smaller number of taps that have to be optimized for each subcarrier [103]. The evolution of the MDL as a function of the distance was also investigated, as it can have a significant impact on the transmitted capacity [104]. The results are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Fig 21 Q-factors For Ultralow-loss Large-effective-area Smf ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Randomly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber Technology

et al. 2022

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| Randomly-coupled multi-core fiber (MCF) technology has come to attract lots of attention because of its strong applicability to long-haul transmission systems. Compared with weakly-coupled MCFs with independent cores, it can simultaneously realize higher spatial channel density and ultralow transmission loss using existing ultralow-loss single-mode fiber (SMF) core designs. The strong mode coupling characteristics of randomly-coupled MCFs can provide favorable optical properties, such as suppressed accumulation of modal dispersion (MD), mode-dependent loss (MDL), and nonlinear impairments. This article gives an overview of randomly-coupled MCF technology advancements. First, we describe the classification and design of randomly-coupled MCFs and explain what the randomly-coupled MCFs are and how they are designed. State-of-the-art randomly-coupled MCFs can accommodate four, seven, or 12 cores in a standard 125-µm cladding while achieving ultralow transmission loss and/or small MD, which are very promising for long-haul transmission media. Next, we present the methods to characterize the optical properties of randomly-coupled MCFs and the difference compared to conventional SMF measurements. We also show the low-loss low-MDL connectivity of Manuscript

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Section: Fig 21 Q-factors For Ultralow-loss Large-effective-area Smf ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Fig 21 Q-factors For Ultralow-loss Large-effective-area Smf ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber Technology

et al. 2022

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“…MD, just like PMD, is responsible for introducing frequency dependence into the random mode coupling process, and being a unitary phenomenon, in principle, it does not affect the system capacity in the linear transmission regime. Yet, since the average delay spread produced by MD is greater by two or three orders of magnitude than that produced by PMD in the same length of fiber, the increase in receiver complexity that it entails is considerable [158]. The large MD implies that the frequency correlation of mode-related phenomena becomes very short.…”

Section: B Coupled-mode Sdm Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Estimating the Information Capacity of the Fiber-Optic Channel

et al. 2022

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Since its early commercial deployment in the late 1980s, optical fiber has evolved to become the predominant carrier of the globe's communications. Yet, after accommodating the world's exponentially growing appetite for transmitted data for more than three decades, its ability to continue doing so is being challenged by fundamental factors. In this article, we review these factors and examine their consequences in terms of information capacity. In particular, we review the difficulties that are imposed by the nonlinear nature of fiber-optic transmission on the assessment of the capacity and on the definition of fundamental concepts, such as bandwidth and spectral efficiency. We discuss relevant approximations and regimes of operation in which bounds for the capacity can be effectively assessed while covering a broad range of applications ranging from interdatacenter communications to links spanning transoceanic distances. We relate to a broad variety of transmission schemes and discuss the potential benefits of spatial multiplexing with multimode and multicore fibers.State-of-the-art transmission experiments are also reviewed and compared with theoretical capacity bounds.

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“…In coupled-core MCFs the cores are arranged rather closely to each other, so that the fields propagating in the individual cores couple to each other to a non-negligible extent [1]. For suitable values of the core-to-core distances, inter-core coupling takes the form of a random process, owing to the fact that the perturbations to the ideal fiber structure take over the deterministic coupling dictated by coupled-mode theory [2], [3]. The random coupling between cores is known to be beneficial for two main reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Zero Modal-Dispersion (NEMO) Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers

Antonelli

Mecozzi

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We propose a design for coupled-core multi-core fibers that allows to achieve extremely low levels of modal dispersion. These fibers, which we dub NEar-zero MOdal-dispersion (NEMO) fibers, have an even number of cores regularly distributed on a circle, and the optimal design parameters follow from a simple condition independent of the number of cores. The modal-dispersion reduction trades off some of the fiber modemixing effectiveness, yet without compromising its beneficial property of mitigating nonlinear signal distortions. The semianalytical tool developed for this study allows to effectively characterize the effect of various types of perturbations to the ideal fiber structure.

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Space-Division Multiplexing

Cited by 10 publications

References 149 publications

Randomly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber Technology

Randomly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber Technology

Challenges in Estimating the Information Capacity of the Fiber-Optic Channel

Near-Zero Modal-Dispersion (NEMO) Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers

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