Space-Charge Waves in an Accelerated Electron Stream for Amplification of Microwave Signals

Tien, P. K.; Field, L. M.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1952.274062

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Free oxygen radicals are produced during normal metabolism and in pathological states (1). Sources include redox-reactions of electron transport chains and certain reactions catalyzed by soluble enzymes like xanthine oxidase (1)(2)(3). A burst of free oxygen radical formation takes place during phagocytosis (4).…”

Section: Lipids 24 157-159 (1989)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ethane and pentane in free oxygen radical‐induced lipid peroxidation

Pitkänen

Hallman

Andersson

1989

Lipids

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It has been proposed that ethane and pentane reflect free oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation. However, methodological difficulties limit the use of these gases for assessment of free oxygen radical activity. In the present report we describe an improved method for the accurate analysis of picomole quantities (greater than or equal to 1 pmol) of ethane and pentane. They are first quantitatively trapped into an adsorbent and then heat-desorbed directly into a capillary column for gas chromatographic quantitation. During oxidation of linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acid, ethane and pentane were formed, respectively. Nonstimulated granulocytes formed pentane. Upon addition of phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate, the generation of pentane was increased by 540%. Addition of superoxide dismutase plus catalase inhibited lipid peroxidation in both a cell-free system and in isolated cells. The present method is useful in the evaluation of free oxygen radical induced damage.

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Section: Lipids 24 157-159 (1989)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ethane and pentane in free oxygen radical‐induced lipid peroxidation

Pitkänen

Hallman

Andersson

1989

Lipids

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“…Various reactive oxygen species have been implicated as mediators of biological membrane lipid peroxidation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Among them, hydroxyl radicals (OH-)" and singlet molecular oxygen (1 02 ) are considered to be the most reactive, and the most likely immediate oxidants of the polyunsaturated fatty acid side-chains of phospholipids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, hydroxyl radicals (OH-)" and singlet molecular oxygen (1 02 ) are considered to be the most reactive, and the most likely immediate oxidants of the polyunsaturated fatty acid side-chains of phospholipids. Other less reactive species, such as superoxide anion radicals (Oi") and hydrogen peroxide, have been postulated to be the precursors of either Oti" (1,(6)(7)(8), 102 (3) or both (9,10). Metal ions have been suggested as catalysts for the eventual production of either OH" or IO 2 (1,3,(6)(7)(8)11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper(II)‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation in liposomes and erythrocyte membranes

Chan

Peller

Kesner

1982

Lipids

130

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Cu++ was uniquely capable of catalyzing the peroxidation of rat erythrocyte membrane lipid in the presence of 10 mM H2O2, whereas several other transition metal ions were without significant effect. In contrast, peroxidation of soybean phospholipid liposomes could be catalyzed with decreasing efficiency by Co++, Cu++, Pb++, or Cr+++ also in the presence of H2O2. The effect of imidazole on Cu++- catalyzed lipid peroxidation was stimulatory in liposomes and inhibitory in membrane preparations, whereas EDTA, histidine, citrate and alanine inhibited peroxidation in both systems. EDTA could stop the peroxidation after initiation, but catalase could not, indicating that Cu++ alone was necessary for the propagation of the chain reaction. Competitive inhibition studies with various scavengers of hydroxyl radicals or singlet oxygen and the absence of significant reaction enhancement by D2O indicated that neither of these reactive oxygen species was a major mediator in the Cu++-H2O2 oxidative system. A copper-oxygen complex may be directly involved in the initiation of peroxidation. Normal erythrocyte membranes and phospholipid liposomes also differ in their sensitivities toward external oxidative stress. In the absence of H2O2, CU++ (0.2 mM) was capable of catalyzing lipid peroxidation in liposomes, aged erythrocyte membranes and membranes from vitamin-E-deficient rats; however, freshly prepared membranes from control rats and liposomes containing alpha-tocopherol required H2O2 greater than 2 mM for the catalytic effect of Cu++ to be observed.

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“…Further studies, analyzes and proposals whereby an electromagnetic guided mode on a metal helix periodic structure interacts and exchanges energy with an electron beam travelling along the axis of the helix, were performed, for example, in [16] and [17], while detailed analysis, design and evaluation of an actual physical embodiment of a tube is given, for example, in [18]. Amplification of ultrasonic waves via a similar effect was experimentally observed and reported in [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The feasibility of achieving this is dictated by the collective behavior, or plasmonic properties, of the electron beam and by the properties of the interacting wave, be it a wave on a transmission line (e.g. [18]) or a harmonic in a periodic structure (e.g. [21]- [23]) or a slow surface plasmon polariton (our case).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon Dispersion at an Interface Between a Dielectric and a Conducting Medium With Moving Electrons

Čada

Pištora

2016

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Dispersion of the plasmonic behavior at an interface between a dielectric and a conducting medium (e.g. metal, doped semiconductor, graphine, or superconductor) is studied considering the free electron gas in the conducting medium be moving along the interface. The derivation of the dispersion equation is provided, including the damping and the electrons drift. It is shown that the electrons behave as a compressible gas giving rise to new features and new surface plasmon wave solutions of the dispersion equation. A normalized form of the derived dispersion equation is obtained. It is then employed to study the general properties numerically using typical semiconductor material parameters found recently experimentally. Results are discussed in the light of possible novel applications of these physical effects such as, for example, plasmons propagation loss compensation.

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Space-Charge Waves in an Accelerated Electron Stream for Amplification of Microwave Signals

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of ethane and pentane in free oxygen radical‐induced lipid peroxidation

Determination of ethane and pentane in free oxygen radical‐induced lipid peroxidation

Copper(II)‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation in liposomes and erythrocyte membranes

Plasmon Dispersion at an Interface Between a Dielectric and a Conducting Medium With Moving Electrons

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