Sp610mortality Risk in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis in Relation to Gender: A Multicenter Observational Study in Egypt

Gender-Related Differences and Mortality Predictors among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients: A Multi-Center Prospective Observational Study

“…: volume overload, and hypoalbuminemia related to poor nutritional state), especially for whom with late dialysis referral [48]. Interestingly, we found higher corrected serum calcium values among the dead group, a finding which is in concordance with previous reports [38,41,[48][49][50][51][52]. The decreased excretion rate of calcium, the abuse of vitamin D and calciumbased phosphate binders, and hyperparathyroidism that occur in ESRD contribute largely to the occurrence of hypercalcemia and consequently the development of CV calcification.…”

“…In the general population, the male-to-female mortality ratio varies from 1.5 to 2.6 for age groups <75 years [37]; this female advantage markedly diminished in the setting of hemodialysis and the ratio becomes close to one [16]. Males in our study appeared to have higher mortality than females; a finding that is consistent with previous reports that found a significantly poorer survival rate in males [18,38]. On the contrary, some authors reported almost equal mortality ratios among both genders [16,39], while others reported an even poorer mortality rate among females [40].…”

“…In the current research, Mortality was observed in patients with older age especially those with the age of more than 50 years, patients with diabetes or IHD and those with lower serum albumin or lower hemoglobin levels. The association of higher risk of mortality and later risk factors was reported by many authors [7,18,38,41]. Cardiovascular disease was previously found to be the most leading cause of mortality among the hemodialysis population [42][43][44].…”