“…Given the increasing interest in high volume HDF in which large volume of substitution fluid infuses directly into patient's blood stream, the workgroup would adopt a more stringent approach and recommend monitoring to ensure quality of the substitution fluid. It should be noted that quality of the online produced fluid depends on integrity of the bacteria‐ and endotoxin‐retentive filters and performance of the filters might be affected by different disinfection methods . Moreover, it has been reported that a small but significant number of dialysis fluid and substitution fluid samples failed to meet the standards even the manufacturers’ instructions were followed…”