Soyo-san reduces depressive-like behavior and proinflammatory cytokines in ovariectomized female rats

Abstract

BackgroundSoyo-san is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 9 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in psychiatric disorders has been the focus of great research attention in recent years. In the present study, we detected the antidepressant effect of soyo-san in the ovariectomized and repeated stressed female rats.MethodsThis study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of soyo-san on the forced swimming test (FST). The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (non-op), the nonoperated and stressed group (non-op + ST), the ovariectomized and stress group (OVX) and sham operated and stressed group (sham), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OVX + ST), the ovariectomized, stressed and soyo-san 100 mg/kg treated group (SOY100) and the ovariectomized, stressed and soyo-san 400 mg/kg treated group (SOY400). The rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14day (2 h/14day), and soyo-san (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was administrated during the same time. In the same animals, the levels of corticosterone and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) were examined in the serum. Also, the change of IL-1β expression in brain regions was examined after behavior test.ResultsIn the FST, the lower dose (100 mg/kg) of extract was effective in reducing immobility, along with an increase in swimming time. The serum levels of corticosterone and IL-1β in the SOY groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the brain, the expression of IL-1β positive neurons in the control group were significantly increased in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hippocampus compared to the non-op. However, soyo-san groups significantly reduced the IL-1β-ir neurons in the PVN and hippocampal regions compared to the control.ConclusionThe present results demonstrated that soyo-san effectively reduced behavioral and patho-physiological depression-like responses. Trial registration: Our results suggest that soyo-san may be useful for immune regulator in repeated stress-induced ovariectomized female rats.

Antidepressant activity of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ovariectomized rats: role of neuroinflammation and microglial polarization

“…As expected, PUFA also ameliorated the neuronal apoptosis and neuroimmune overactivation caused by OVX as evidenced by the fact that the Tunel-positive cells and Iba-1 immunofluorescent abundance were remarkably decreased in OVX + PUFA group in comparison with OVX group. As previously reported [25], long-term following OVX induced the animals to a neuroimmuneactivated condition with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines but decreased expression antiinflamamtory cytokine. The neuroinflammatory state is indicated to affect every pathological aspect of depression, including neurogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, neurotransmission and neuroplasticity, playing a major role in the onset and development of the mental disorder [26].…”

Vitamin D and 17β-estradiol upregulate each other's receptors and regulating the AMPK/NF-κB pathway to relieve depressive-like behaviors in female ovariectomized rats

“…Our study correlates with the results from previous literature that long-term OVX could induce a neuroimmune-activated state with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines [26].…”

Xiao Yao San Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats with Chronic Immobilization Stress through Modulation of Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System

“…The rats in the control group were fed routinely for twenty-one days; others were restrained by forcing them into an immobilizer device. In order to avoid the restraint adaptability of rats, CIS protocol made a minor modification according to previous studies [ 21 , 26 ]. In this experiment, immobilization time was randomly arranged and gradually increased on day 1st for 1 h to 6 h on day 21st.…”

“…XYS can inhibit IL-1 β production in hippocampus and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) induced by repeated stress and alter metabolic network abnormalities in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or CIS [ 20 – 22 ]. In these investigations, the antidepressant effects of XYS on affective disorders were nearly all focused on hippocampus [ 21 , 23 ], hypothalamus [ 24 ] (including arcuate nucleus [ 19 ]), and so on. While the research on Xiao Yao San regulates psychiatric affective disorders in mice locus coeruleus as an antidepressant medicine is lacking.…”