Soybeans, Flaxseeds, and Fish Oil in the Treatment of Renal Disease

Ristić‐Medić, Danijela; Takić, Marija; Radjen, Slavica

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811517-6.00011-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Recently published studies demonstrated that the administration of oral zinc acetate could increase a risk for copper deficiency in hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients (83). A personal nutrition therapeutic approach is necessary for patients with CKD and hemodialysis sessions represent a valuable opportunity to monitor nutritional status and prescribe the appropriate interventions (84)(85)(86).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Deficiency, Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Hemodialysis Patients: Is Supplementation Necessary?

et al. 2021

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Background: Desaturation and elongation are critical processes in endogenous metabolic fatty acid pathways. Zinc (Zn) is a cofactor for desaturases and elongases enzymes. There is limited evidence regarding the relationships between biomarkers of Zn status, nutritional intake, plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).Objective: To examine the relationships between dietary and serum levels of Zn and Cu/Zn ratio and to explore associations of these micronutrients with PUFA profile and estimated desaturase and elongase enzyme activities in serum phospholipids among HD patients.Methods: This study included 40 adult patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Repeated 24-h recalls were applied for dietary intake assessment. Serum concentration of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase and elongase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios.Results: Inadequate dietary Zn intake was found in 55% of HD patients. They all had serum Zn concentration below the reference value of 60 μg/dL (mean 38.8 ± 7.72 μg/dL). Adequate zinc intake was accompanied with significantly higher intake of energy, total fats, SFA, MUFA and proteins. There was no correlation between Zn serum status and Zn intake estimates. Serum Cu/Zn ratio was high, (2.76 ± 0.68), directly and significantly associated with HD period, CRP, BMI, VFA, and inversely with Kt/V, albumin, iron, and iPTH. The n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma phospholipids was elevated (12.25 ± 3.45) and patients with inadequate Zn intake had lower n-3 PUFA intake and status compared to those with adequate intake. Serum Zn concentrations were inversely correlated with linoleic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (LA/DGLA) (p = 0.037), related to D6-desaturase activity (p = 0.033) and directly with DGLA relative abundances (p = 0.024). Cu status was inversely associated with EPA level (p = 0.03) and estimates of elongase activity (p = 0.001). Furthermore, positive relationship was found between the Cu/Zn ratio and determined elongase value (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Findings of this study underpin the high prevalence of Zn deficiency and inadequate n-3 PUFA intake and status among subjects undergoing HD. The results obtained indicate that the assessment of Zn status should be a standard parameter of nutritional status screening in HD patients while emphasizing the importance of Cu/Zn determination. Although further research is warranted, Zn and-n-3 PUFA supplementation in HD patients might be beneficial for the prevention and attenuation of adverse health outcomes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Deficiency, Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Hemodialysis Patients: Is Supplementation Necessary?

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to HD, lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and a proper diet can benefit these patients [3]. Flaxseed, a commonly acknowledged herb and therapeutic plant, contains an omega‐3 fatty acid named alpha‐linolenic acid, lignan phytoestrogens, and soluble fibers [4, 5]. Flaxseed oil is seen as a supplement with various potential effects, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐cancer properties [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Tabrizi,

Azizi,

Bazmi

et al. 2024

Ther Apher Dial

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Studies investigating the effects of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers have produced inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to explore the impact of flaxseed oil on these parameters in hemodialysis patients. The study protocol was registered online (PROSPERO number: CRD42023484076). The meta‐analyses showed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = −85.78 mg/dL, 95% CI: −155.24 to −16.32, I2 = 98.32%) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = −2.66 mg/L, 95% CI: −4.07 to −1.24, I2 = 92.26%) following consumption of flaxseed oil. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes in LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and TC levels only in trials utilizing a dosage higher than 10 g per day and using ground flaxseed oil. Based on the results, flaxseed oil improves CRP and TG levels, and higher doses positively affect lipid profiles. However, it has no significant effect on anthropometric measures.

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“…For instance, it was found that FO intake lowers the blood lipid concentration and reduces systolic blood pressure (Araujo et al, 2014); whereas KO promotes lipid metabolism, controls hyperlipidemia, and offers a greater potential than other marine oils, owing particularly to its richness with phospholipids. It was found that KO exerts anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects (Ulven and Holven, 2015; Ristić-Medić et al, 2018). It is also more effective at lowering cholesterol levels than FO (Massrieh, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Lamellar and Inverse Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Phases During the Digestion of Krill and Astaxanthin Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Yaghmur

Lotfi

Ariabod

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Krill oil represents an important alternative natural source of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Considering the beneficial health effects of these essential fatty acids, particularly in various disorders including cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammation diseases, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the digestibility of krill oil. In this work, we study the fate of krill oil-in-water emulsion, stabilized by sodium caseinate, during lipolysis by coupling time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to flow-through lipolysis model. For gaining further insight into the effect of ω-3 PUFA-containing oil type on the dynamic structural features occurring during lipolysis, two additional astaxanthin oil-in-water emulsions, stabilized using either sodium caseinate or citrem, were subjected to lipolysis under identical experimental conditions. In addition to the difference in lipid composition in both oils, ω-3 PUFAs in astaxanthin oil, similar to fish oil, exist in the form of triacylglycerols; whereas most of those in krill oil are bound to phospholipids. SAXS showed the formation of highly ordered nanostructures on exposure of these food emulsions to the lipolysis medium: the detection of a biphasic feature of coexisting inverse hexagonal (H2) and lamellar (Lα) liquid crystalline phases in the digested krill oil droplets' interiors, as compared to a neat Lα phase in the digested astaxanthin oil droplets. We discuss the dynamic phase behavior and describe the suggested important role of these phases in facilitating the delivery of nutrients throughout the body. In addition, the potential implication in the development of food and drug nanocarriers is briefly described.

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Soybeans, Flaxseeds, and Fish Oil in the Treatment of Renal Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 230 publications

Zinc Deficiency, Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Hemodialysis Patients: Is Supplementation Necessary?

Zinc Deficiency, Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Hemodialysis Patients: Is Supplementation Necessary?

The impact of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Internal Lamellar and Inverse Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Phases During the Digestion of Krill and Astaxanthin Oil-in-Water Emulsions

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