Soybean Yield Response to Reproductive Stage Soil‐Applied Nitrogen and Foliar‐Applied Boron

Freeborn, J.; Holshouser, David Lee; Alley, Marcus M.; Powell, N. L.; Orcutt, D. M.

doi:10.2134/agronj2001.1200

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The states were: Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Raw data from many sources (Freeborn et al, 2001;Wortmann et al, 2012;Attia et al, 2015;Staton et al, 2011Staton et al, -2016Orlowski et al, 2016;Mourtzinis et al, 2017) as well as several sources of previously unpublished data were included in our analysis. The resultant database consisted of 5991 plot-specific yield data derived from a total of 207 environments (experiment × year).…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on lack of response to supplemental N applications, Freeborn et al (2001) concluded that N supply through BNF and soil organic matter mineralization is sufficient for high soybean yields. However, BNF activity can be limited by a number of environmental conditions such as low soil moisture, extremes of soil pH and temperature, and soil compaction, any of which can result in insufficient N supply to the soybean plants (Purcell and King, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Mourtzinis

Kaur

Orlowski

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

101

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A B S T R A C TThe effects of supplemental nitrogen (N) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield have been the focus of much research over the past four decades. However, most experiments were region-specific and focused on the effect of a single N-related management choice, thus resulting in a limited inference space. Here, we composited data from individual experiments conducted across the US that examined the effect of N fertilization on soybean yield. The combined database included 207 environments (experiment × year combinations) for a total of 5991 N-treated soybean yields. We used hierarchical modeling and conditional inference tree analysis on the combined dataset to establish the relationship and contribution of several N management choices on soybean yield. The N treatment variables were: N-application (single or split), N-method (soil incorporated, foliar, etc.), Ntiming (pre-plant, at a reproductive stage, etc.), and N-rate (from a 0 N control to as much as 560 kg ha). Of the total yield variability, 68% was associated with the effect of environment, whereas only a small fraction of that variability (< 1%) was attributable to each N variable. Averaged over all experiments, a single N application and the split N application were 60 and 110 kg ha −1 greater yielding than the zero N control treatment, respectively. A split N application with more than one method (e.g., soil incorporated and foliar) resulted in 120 kg ha −1 greater yield than zero N plots. Split N application between planting and reproductive stages (Rn) resulted in greater yield than zero N and single application during a Rn; however, the effect was not significantly different than N application at other growth stages. Increasing the N rate increased the environment average soybean yield; however, 93% of the environment-specific N-rate responses were not significant which suggested a minimal effect of N across the examined region. A large yield variability was observed among environments E-mail address: mourtzinis@wisc.edu (S. Mourtzinis).Abbreviations: BNF, biological nitrogen fixation; C, check (no nitrogen was applied); MM, major management practices; N, nitrogen; N-rate, nitrogen rate; N-application, number of nitrogen applications; N-method, method of nitrogen application; N-timing, timing of nitrogen application (growth stage/s); P, all nitrogen was applied at planting only; PR, split nitrogen application at planting and reproductive growth stages; pP, all nitrogen was applied at pre-planting only; Rn, reproductive growth stage; R, all nitrogen was applied at a reproductive growth stage only; RR, split nitrogen application at two reproductive growth stages; V, all nitrogen was applied at a vegetative growth stage only; Vn, vegetative growth stage MARKwithin the same N rates, which was attributed to growing environment differences (e.g., in-season weather conditions, soil type etc.) and non-N related management (e.g., irrigation). Conditional inference tree analysis identified N-timing and N-rate to be conditional to irriga...

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Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Mourtzinis

Kaur

Orlowski

et al. 2018

Field Crops Research

101

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show abstract

“…In an effort to provide soybeans with adequate N for maximum seed yield, producers have considered applying N fertilizer to their soybean crop. Previous studies have reported inconsistent responses of soybean seed yield to N fertilizer applications [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. For instance, in the Southern US, no effect was reported in Texas [7] and Alabama [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrogen Sources and Rates Affect Soybean Seed Composition in Mississippi

Kaur¹,

Serson²,

Orlowski³

et al. 2017

Agronomy

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Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed is a major source of protein, oil, carbohydrates and other nutrients that are important for human and animal nutrition. Producers have considered applying nitrogen (N) fertilizer to soybean crop to maximize seed yield; however, its effect on seed composition is not well understood. The objective of this two-year (2015 and 2016) study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer sources and application rates (45, 90, 135 and 179 kg N ha −1 ) on soybean seed composition on two soil textures (clay and silt-loam) in Mississippi. The three fertilizer sources included in this study were urea with N-(n butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (Urea+NBPT), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and ammonium sulfate (AMS). Nitrogen application at 179 kg ha −1 on clay soil reduced seed protein by 1.05% compared to unfertilized soybeans in 2016. However, N application at 179 kg ha −1 increased oil content by 0.7% on clay soil compared to the unfertilized soybeans only in 2016. Nitrogen applications reduced stachyose content on both soil textures in 2015. The fatty acids showed variable response to N applications. Since, seed quality is not a trait from which growers receive an economic incentive, they are unlikely to adopt this practice for standard soybean production.

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“…Gan et al (2003) in China, indicated yield increases of 9 to 26% across three soybean genotypes when 50 kg N ha -1 were applied at R1 compared to non-fertilized soybean but no response if N was applied at R3 or R5. No response to N fertilization strategies are reported by Schmitt et al (2001;Minnesota), Freeborn et al (2001;Virginia), and Gutiérrez-Boem et al (2004; North of Buenos Aires Province) in well-nodulated high yielding soybean crops (>3.5 Mg ha -1 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, common yields in the region are limited to <3 Mg ha -1 (Calviño and Sadras, 1999;Calviño and Monzón, 2009) due to water stress during the seed fi lling period (R4-R6 stages). Reduced soil water availability (SWA) during soybean reproductive stages increases the yield gap by reducing the photosynthetic rate and the N assimilation rate (lower SNF and reduced soil N mineralization), and by increasing remobilization of plant C and N to the seeds with shortening of the reproductive stages and premature leaf senescence (De Souza et al, 1997;Freeborn et al, 2001;Purcell et al, 2004). Earlier studies in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province determined that if SWA during R4 to R6 stages drops below 60%, yield losses of 30% or more can be expected Calviño and Monzón, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Yield of Irrigated and Rainfed Soybean with Late Nitrogen Fertilization

Wingeyer

Echeverría²,

Rozas³

2014

Agronomy Journal

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Nitrogen fertilization and supplemental irrigation during soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] reproductive stages have gained interest to increase soybean yields. We assessed the e ect of N fertilizer (0 and 60 kg N ha -1 ) applied at the beginning of bloom (R1) and full pod (R4) combined with rainfed (NIrr) and irrigated (Irr) conditions during reproductive stages on crop growth and yield in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. e NIrr treatments experienced a severe drought (30 d (R5), aboveground biomass and plant N accumulation were una ected by the addition of N fertilizer. Aboveground biomass at R5 was 16% greater under Irr as compared to NIrr. Average soybean yields were 4.24 and 3.39 Mg ha -1 for Irr and NIrr treatments, respectively, and were not a ected by N fertilization. Application of N fertilizer neither reduced the anticipated plant senescence nor increased plant N accumulation under water stress conditions. Our results suggest addition of N fertilizer during soybean reproductive stages was not an e ective management practice to increase yields of irrigated or rainfed soybean plants. Current rainfed soybean yields in the region can be increased signi cantly by maintaining soil water level at or above 60% plant available water during beginning of pod (R3.5) to full seed (R6) period.

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Soybean Yield Response to Reproductive Stage Soil‐Applied Nitrogen and Foliar‐Applied Boron

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Soybean response to nitrogen application across the United States: A synthesis-analysis

Nitrogen Sources and Rates Affect Soybean Seed Composition in Mississippi

Growth and Yield of Irrigated and Rainfed Soybean with Late Nitrogen Fertilization

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