Soybean water use in the shelter of a slat-fence windbreak

Miller, David R.; Rosenberg, Norman J.; Bagley, W. T.

doi:10.1016/0002-1571(73)90086-1

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Reductions of evaporation in the lee of windbreaks of between 10 and 40% have been measured by pan and Piche evaporometers (Bates 1911, Long & Persaud 1988. Miller et al (1973) reported that during six days of measurements, shelter caused a mean 20% decrease in évapotranspiration. Observations in large-scale shelterbelt networks in China showed regional evaporation was reduced by 14%.…”

Section: Influence On Evapotranspiration and Surface Energy Partitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHELTERBELTS AND WINDBREAKS: Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Wang

Takle

Shen

2001

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Shelterbelts or windbreaks have been used for centuries to reduce wind speed, to control heat and moisture transfer and pollutant diffusion, to improve climate and environment, and to increase crop yields; but only within the last few decades have systematic studies considered the aerodynamics and shelter mechanisms of shelterbelts and windbreaks. This is a review of recent modeling and numerical simulation studies as well as the mechanisms that control flow and turbulence around shelterbelts and windbreaks. We compare numerical simulations with experimental data and explain the relationships between sheltering effects and the structure of shelterbelts and windbreaks. We discuss how and why the desired effects are achieved by using numerical analysis. This chapter begins with the derivation of a general equation set for porous shelterbelts and windbreaks; the numerical model and simulation procedure are developed; unseparated and separated flows are predicted and characterized; the momentum budget and This article has been accepted for publication by Annual Reviews in a revised form. 23shelter mechanisms are analyzed; the effects of wind direction, density, width, and three dimensionality of shelterbelt structure on flow and turbulence are systematically described.Recent modeling and simulation of heat flux and évapotranspiration also are summarized.Finally, we discuss use of high-performance distributed and parallel computing as well as clusters of networked workstations to enhance performance of the model applied to simulations of shelterbelts and windbreaks.

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Section: Influence On Evapotranspiration and Surface Energy Partitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHELTERBELTS AND WINDBREAKS: Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Wang

Takle

Shen

2001

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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“…Soybean is rich in protein and it is used to fortify various foods in order to improve their nutritional quality (IITA, 1990). It is also important in the supply of high quality animal feed and green manure (Miller et al, 1997). It has been estimated that 1.6 million metric tons of soybean grains are needed annually to satisfy domestic and industrial needs (Mamman, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculants and Reproductive Growth Stages on Shoot Biomass and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril)

Lamptey¹,

Ahiabor²,

Yeboah³

et al. 2014

JAS

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The experiment was conducted during the 2012 farming season in the agricultural experimental field of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala in the Northern Region of Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of Rhizobium inoculants and growth stages on shoot dry matter and grain yield of soybean. Two levels of inoculation regimes (inoculation (+In) and uninoculation (-In)) were combined with four sampling developmental stages (vegetative stage, flowering stage, pod stage and physiological maturity stage). The experimental design was a 2 x 4 factorial laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments at four replications. Plants inoculated with Rhizobium and harvested at flowering stage recorded significantly higher fresh and dry shoot matter of 74.2 g and 23.57 g per plant, respectively as compared to plants that were not inoculated and harvested at the physiological maturity stage. The latter recorded the lowest fresh and dry shoot weights of 45.2 g and 15.5 g per plant, respectively. Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased grain yield (1262 kg/ha) compared to the yield obtained in the uninoculated treatments (1044 kg/ha). Grain yield positively correlated with plant height, plant stand, canopy spread, number and weight of nodules, number and weight of pods. From the results, it is recommended that soybean seeds should be inoculated with Rhizobium before planting in order to obtain higher grain yields. It is also recommended that for higher nodule numbers, which can be a good indication of higher N 2 fixation if the nodules are effective, and higher shoot biomass which is required for effective green manuring, soybean should be harvested at full pod stage.

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“…The effectiveness of hedgerows in the protection of the fields does not depend so much on the percentage of wind velocity reduction but on how the velocity is reduced below limits which affect different factors (Kuemmel 2003) such as soil erosion, the inhibition of plant growth (Woodruff et al 1959) or water content in the soil (Brown and Rosenberg 1972;Miller et al 1973). In addition, mechanical protection may also be important as has Agroforest Syst (2010) 78:13-25 21 been reported for sheltered Citrus on the Mediterranean coast (Rosenberg 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hedgerow loss on microclimate in the Mediterranean region: an investigation in Central Spain

et al. 2009

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In Central Spain hedgerows are an important component of the landscape although many have been lost due to landscape planning and reallotment programmes. Loss of hedgerows can produce changes in environmental conditions that can be especially critical in summer, corresponding with the dry period in Mediterranean ecosystems. In order to show the effects of hedgerow removal on summer Mediterranean environmental conditions in rural landscapes, this paper describes a comparison of some key environmental conditions between areas where hedgerows are still present, compared to areas where they have been removed. Through a two-way ANOVA, it was found that temperatures in the hedgerows were significantly different from those in the fields, whilst air temperatures beneath the hedgerows were lower, and steadier, than those of surrounding areas. When temperatures of the fields were compared to those sites where hedgerows had been removed, significant differences in temperatures were detected belowground and sometimes at soil surface level but not at higher levels. The levels of soil water content and organic carbon were higher where hedgerows were still in place. These differences indicate potentially negative environmental impacts due to hedgerow removal. The implications of hedgerow conservation for environmental protection and for cropland productivity are discussed.

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Soybean water use in the shelter of a slat-fence windbreak

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

SHELTERBELTS AND WINDBREAKS: Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

SHELTERBELTS AND WINDBREAKS: Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculants and Reproductive Growth Stages on Shoot Biomass and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril)

The effect of hedgerow loss on microclimate in the Mediterranean region: an investigation in Central Spain

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