Soybean meal as a source of protein in formulated diets for tiger grouper, <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i> juvenile. Part I: Effects on growth, survival, feed utilization and body compositions

Abstract

The effects of fish meal (FM) replacement with graded level of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, feed utilization, survival rate and body composition were investigated in juvenile tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (initial body weight 13.9 ± 0.65 g). Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 50% crude protein, 16% crude lipid and 365.8 kcal/100g feed with SBM replacing FM protein at 0% (SM 0), 10% (SM 0), 20% (SM 20), 30% (SM 30), 40% (SM 40) and 20% with phytase (SM 20P) replacement levels. At the end of the ten-week feeding trial, there were no significant differences detected in terms of growth performances (weight gain and specific growth rate), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rates of fish fed with the control diet (SM 0), SM 20, SM 30 and SM 20P. Net protein utilization of fish fed SM 20P was higher than those fed with other diets suggesting an improved utilization of nutrients with phytase addition in the diet. Replacements of FM protein with SBM at 10% and 40% have resulted in significantly lower growth and poorer FCR than other replacement levels. Survival rates remain high (≥90%) throughout the trial. Whole-body proximate composition of the fish was significantly affected by the inclusion of SBM in the diets. It can be concluded that 20% -30% of FM protein replacement with SBM is recommended and addition of phytase in the SBM-based diet should be considered to improve nutrient utilization of tiger grouper juvenile.

Soy protein concentrate as an alternative in replacement of fish meal in the feeds of hybrid grouper, brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) juvenile

“…However, no significant difference ( p > .05) was observed between fish fed with 0% and 30% of DSM. This observation was similar to the parental fish brown‐marbled grouper juvenile which only can tolerate 20% to 30% of DSM (Shapawi, Ebi & Yong, ). In a study that replaced fish meal with FSM and DSM in the feed for brown‐marbled grouper, Chor et al.…”

“…Therefore, this hybrid grouper has great potential to expand in aquaculture industry. Parent fish, brown‐marbled grouper was found be able to accept 20%–30% of DSM (Shapawi, Ebi & Yong, ; Shapawi, Ebi, Yong, Chong et al., ). On the other hand, replacement of fish meal with FSM did not improved growth of this species due to its palatability issue (Chor et al., ).…”

The Utilization of Soybean Meal in Formulated Diet for Marble Goby, Oxyeleotris marmoratus

“…The fishmeal and defatted soybean meal used in this present study were of the same sources with those used in tiger grouper study by Shapawi et al (2013a) and the study reported that a deficiency of essential methionine amino acid was found in higher soybean meal-based diet compared to the control diet. Although amino acid analysis was not performed in this present study, with reference to Shapawi et al (2013a), it is suggested that the diet contained high level of soybean meal SB20 and SB20+P contained less methionine amino acid compared to SB10. These could have contributed to the slower growth in marble goby juveniles fed higher level of soybean meal.…”

“…The acceptance level of soybean meal by the marble goby juveniles in present study however, is lower compared to other bigger size of carnivorous fish reported elsewhere. Shapawi et al (2013a) demonstrated that tiger grouper juvenile (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) of initial BW 13.9 g can accept 20-30% of defatted soybean meal protein without adversely affected their growth and feed utilization. Black sea turbot (Psetta maeotica) with an initial BW of 30.2 g can utilize up to 20% of defatted soybean meal with the supplementation of attractant (Yigit et al, 2010).…”

“…Besides the size of the fish, these varies results might be due to species -specific tolerance limit to the anti-nutritional factors, quality and methods processing of soybean meal, different supplementation of enzyme or amino acid (Elangovan & Shim, 2000;Francis et al, 2001;Bonaldo et al, 2006). It is well documented that feeding the fish with soybean meal diet higher than the tolerance limit can induce slower growth (Antolović et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2010;Lim et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2012;Shapawi et al, 2013a). In this present study, the growth of marble goby juveniles fed SB0 and SB10 was significant higher than fish fed SB20 and SB20+P.…”