Soybean Kunitz, C-II and PI-IV inhibitor genes confer different levels of insect resistance to tobacco and potato transgenic plants

Marchetti, Stefano; Delledonne, Massimo; Fogher, Corrado; Chiabà, Cristina; Chiesa, F.; Savazzini, F.; Giordano, Annalisa

doi:10.1007/s001220051511

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Considering the role of Kunitz-type inhibitors as components of plant defense mechanisms against insects and pathogens (Linthorst 1991;Boulter 1993;Schuler et al 1998), this polymorphism may be the result of adaptive evolution of the plant in response to insect and microbial predators. It is known that insects and microbial pathogens are able to adapt to inhibitors and to render them ineffective (Jach et al 1995;Jongsma and Boulter 1997;Marchetti et al 2000). This may be counteracted by a large repertoire of inhibitor functional variants and the rapid evolution of new variants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional comparison of homologous members of three groups of Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

Heibges¹,

Salamini²,

Gebhardt³

2003

Mol Gen Genomics

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For functional studies, nine cDNAs encoding Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers were expressed as GST (glutathione S transferase)-tagged fusion proteins in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The inhibitors represented the three major homology groups A, B and C found in tubers. Members of the same homology group were at least 90% identical in sequence. The purified GST fusion proteins were tested for their ability to inhibit the proteases trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, subtilisin, papain and aspergillopepsin I, and for inhibition of the growth of fungi. Fusion proteins belonging to the same and different homology groups were found to exhibit distinct protease inhibition profiles. Removal of the GST tag by cleavage with enterokinase did not change the inhibition profile but increased the inhibitory activity. Group A and B inhibitors affected the proteases to different extents, whereas group C inhibitors showed only weak or no protease inhibition. One fusion protein completely inhibited aspergillopepsin I. One fusion protein each of groups A and B strongly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. The results suggest functional polymorphism among closely related members of the Kunitz-type inhibitor family.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional comparison of homologous members of three groups of Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

Heibges¹,

Salamini²,

Gebhardt³

2003

Mol Gen Genomics

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“…TPI expression alone is known to increase the mortality rate of herbivores, particularly for neonate larvae (McManus and Burguess, 1995;Heath et al, 1997;Charity et al, 1999;McManus et al, 1999;Marchetti et al, 2000;De Leo and Gallerani, 2002). In this study, larvae that ingested plants with high TPI content had not only decreased growth rates, but also a lower survivorship (approximately 40% difference) than larvae fed on low TPI genotypes.…”

Section: Table I Global and Pairwise Survivorship Analysis Of Hornwomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the effects of PIs on insect performance can be strongly influenced by other nutritional and defensive factors resulting in PI-diet and PI-plant interactions (Broadway, 1997;McManus et al, 1999). For example, when tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), transformed with the same heterologous pi gene that resulted in similar trypsin PI (TPI) contents, were challenged with Spodoptera litoralis larvae, the tobacco plants killed 95% of the attacking larvae, whereas the potato plants killed only 36% (Marchetti et al, 2000). PI-diet interactions are clearly seen in artificial diet studies in which manipulations of PI content do not reflect changes in insect performance on plant material (Broadway, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Endogenous Trypsin Proteinase Inhibitor Production in Nicotiana attenuata Demonstrates Their Function as Antiherbivore Defenses

et al. 2004

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Evidence for the in planta defensive function of trypsin protease inhibitors (TPIs) comes from observations of enhanced herbivore resistance after heterologous TPI expression or the manipulation of signal cascades that activate numerous defense responses, including TPI production; no studies have altered the expression of an endogenous pi gene to examine defensive function. We isolated two genes with seven-and six-repeat TPI domains from Nicotiana attenuata from the potato (Solanum tuberosum) PI-II family. To determine whether endogenous TPIs in N. attenuata function defensively against the native herbivores, hornworm (Manduca sexta) and mirids (Tupiocoris notatus), we expressed 175 bp of the seven-domain pi from N. attenuata in an antisense orientation in a TPI-producing genotype to reduce TPI expression and expressed the full-length seven-domain pi in a sense orientation under control of a constitutive promoter to restore TPI activity in a natural genotype from Arizona unable to produce TPIs. Constitutive and inducible TPI production in two antisense lines were diminished by 80% to 90% and 33% to 52%, respectively, and sense expression restored 67% of the activity found in the TPI-producing genotype after caterpillar attack in the TPI-deficient A genotype. Hornworm larvae fed on genotypes with low or no TPI activity grew faster, had higher survivorship, and produced heavier pupae than those that fed on genotypes with high TPI activity. T. notatus showed higher preference for genotypes with low or no TPI activity than for genotypes with high TPI levels. We conclude that endogenous TPIs are an effective defense against these native herbivores.

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“…Plant protease inhibitors have effect in larvae of the tomato tuber moth (Gatehouse 1999) and also confer different levels of insect resistance to tobacco and transgenic plants (Marchetti et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoxygenase-induced defense of soybean varieties to the attack of the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner)

et al. 2007

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The genetic elimination of lipoxygenase isozymes (LOX) and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) from soybean seeds is a way to overcome the problems associated with the undesirable beany flavor of soybean products. Although the role of the lipoxygenases in higher plants has not yet been established conclusively, several studies have indicated the physiological relevance of the lipoxygenase pathway induction in plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. To elucidate the effect of seed lipoxygenase and KTI elimination on soybean defense against injury, a biochemical assessment of the lipoxygenase pathway in soybean leaves subjected to the attack of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepdoptera:Noctuidae) was carried out in a commercial cultivar and three lines derived from this cultivar, which differ on the presence and absence of LOX and the protease inhibitor KTI. The soybean plants responded to the attack of the insect via the LOX pathway, by increasing LOX activity and protease inhibition in their leaves. Since jasmonic acid seems to activate transcription of genes encoding for protease inhibitors, the soybean plant responded to the injury via the LOX pathway, preferentially producing jasmonate and protease inhibitors. There was no association between the lack of LOX and KTI from the seeds and the leaf defense against injury, indicating that the loss of the genes for both proteins from soybean seeds does not interfere with the plant ability to respond to the attack of A. gemmatalis via this pathway.

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Soybean Kunitz, C-II and PI-IV inhibitor genes confer different levels of insect resistance to tobacco and potato transgenic plants

Cited by 63 publications

References 22 publications

Functional comparison of homologous members of three groups of Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

Functional comparison of homologous members of three groups of Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

Manipulation of Endogenous Trypsin Proteinase Inhibitor Production in Nicotiana attenuata Demonstrates Their Function as Antiherbivore Defenses

Lipoxygenase-induced defense of soybean varieties to the attack of the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner)

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