Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Physiology and Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation

Zhang, F.; Smith, Donald L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58554-8_13

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Thinning increased branching and canopy biomass but that biomass was directed towards vegetative tissues and not seed. Thinning (and resultant decreased plant density) did not have significant effects on many yield components possibly because flower induction phase occurs much earlier in the development cycle and by the time thinning was done the process had already terminated (Zhang and Smith, 1999). The yield decline noted in the very early thinned treatment could indicate that the recommended plant population of 400, 000 plants per hectare is lower than optimum and these test varieties can withstand a higher plant density and cause significant yield increase.…”

Section: Effects On Reproductive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The varieties were planted at a planting density of 500,000 plants per hectare and thinned to 400,000 plants which is the recommended spacing in Zambia (Miti, 1995). Thinning was done at four developmental stages that represented key developmental transition stages: V1 (Full expansion of first trifoliate leaves-transition to autotrophic stage), V3 (Four nodes with 3 unfolded trifoliates), V6 (Seven nodes, with 6 unfolded-unifoliate, cotyledons senesced maximum branching stage) and R2 (Full bloom with an open flower at the top two nodes of the main stem) (Mc Williams, 1999;Zhang and Smith, 1999). An unthinned treatment was used as control, giving a total of 5 planting densities.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Field Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vegetative activity of the terminal bud ceases when it becomes an inflorescence. Indeterminate types, where flowering and vegetative phases overlap, the terminal bud continues vegetative activity during most of the reproductive flowering period (Zhang and Smith, 1999). With determinate forms, flower, pod and seed development are uniform throughout the plant and consequently seed maturity occurs over a short time range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high cost of soybean seed necessitates the re-evaluation and optimization of planting densities recommendations. Soybean yield is considered a function of four basic factors, commonly called "yield components", which include seed mass, number of seeds/pod, number of pods/plant, and number of plants per given area (Zhang and Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic plasticity in soybean (Glycine max (Merrill)) genotypes with contrasting growth characteristics subjected to planting density stress at different developmental stages

Mataa¹,

Sichilima²

2019

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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A study was conducted to determine phenotype plasticity responses in soybean genotypes subjected to plant density stress at different phenological stages. Plants planted at supra optimal population density (500,000 plants per hectare) were thinned to 400,000 population density at 4 developmental stages: V1 (Full expansion of first trifoliate leaves), V3 (Four nodes with 3 unfolded trifoliates), V6 (Seven nodes, with 6 unfolded-unifoliate) and R2 (Full bloom with an open flower at the top). The study was conducted in Chilanga, Zambia. Three varieties: Dina, an indeterminate variety and Magoye and Sc Safari determinate varieties were used. A randomized complete block design arranged as a factorial design with two treatments: varieties and thinning stage and four replications were used. Variety had significant effects on days to flowering, biomass, branching, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, seed weight, and total grain yield. Thinning time influenced number of branches, plant height, above ground biomass and yield. Plant height increased between 32 and 39% for the thinned treatments. Early thinning increased biomass; thinning at the V8 stage increased biomass by 39% compared to the unthinned treatments. Magoye at 2.42 tons/ha had a higher yield, compared to Dina (2.37 tons/ha) and Sc Safari (1.76 tons/ha). Early thinning (T1) reduced yield by 28%. Soybean varieties used in this study exhibited significant vegetative plasticity. Reducing plant density especially in early vegetative phases reduced plant height, increased branching and biomass allocation to vegetative plant parts.

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Section: Effects On Reproductive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Field Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phenotypic plasticity in soybean (Glycine max (Merrill)) genotypes with contrasting growth characteristics subjected to planting density stress at different developmental stages

Mataa¹,

Sichilima²

2019

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Temperature extremes, low radiation intensities and water stress increase the rate of flower and pod abscission (Shaw and Laing, 1966;Mann and Jaworski, 1970;Saito et al, 1970). As a subtropical crop, soybean requires temperatures in the range of 25 to 30EC for growth and physiological activities (Zhang and Smith, 1999). Flower set and pod retention in legumes are affected by high day temperature and low available soil moisture (Davis, 1945;Stobbe et al, 1966;Fischer, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Soil Water Levels on Production and Abscission of Reproductive Organs of Soybean under High Temperature

Nahar¹,

Ikeda²

2001

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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An experiment was conducted during summer 1999 in and out sides of a glasshouse to evaluate the effect of different soil water levels on growth, physiological aspects and, production and abscission of flowers and pods of soybean. Three stress treatments were imposed by 40, 60 and 80% reduced water from flower initiation to maturity in the glasshouse. Two well-watered unstressed controls were also included for comparison of performances in and out sides of the glasshouse. Fluctuation in air temperature was 30 to 40EC in the glasshouse during reproductive period and the inside air temperature was 3 to 4EC higher than outside of the glasshouse. Leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, photosynthesis and leaf water potential decreased with increase in water stress which influenced the production and abscission of flowers and pods. Water stresses reduced pod number due to both increased flower and pod abscission and fewer flowers per plant with low photosynthesis, decreased leaf water potential and high leaf temperature. In case of well watered soybean, pod number decreased in the glasshouse (T 1) than the outside (T o) treatment due to a little increase in abscission of flowers and pods or low photosynthesis due to high air temperature inside the glasshouse. The flower production was significant between T o , T 1 and T2 treatments, while pod number and seed number were found to decrease in T 1 and T 2 treatments due to increase in abscission percent of flowers and pods with the variation of photosynthesis and its parameters. The data indicated that environmentally induced variation in pod numbers in soybean was the result of both changes in flower and pod abscission and the number of reduced flower production. With the variation of high air temperature in the glasshouse, pod and seed number were reduced in T 1 than in T o treatment. Nitrogen accumulation of leaf declined drastically in T 1 treatment at R 6 stage which was limiting factor for photosynthesis and finally total dry matter as well as seed yield decreased in T 1 compare to T o treatment. The stress treatments reduced all growth parameters, dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation thus seed yield decreased in T 2 , T 3 and T 4 treatments, respectively. The differences in different soil water levels and temperature were reflected in lower production of total dry matter and seed yield.

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Physiology and Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Phenotypic plasticity in soybean (Glycine max (Merrill)) genotypes with contrasting growth characteristics subjected to planting density stress at different developmental stages

Phenotypic plasticity in soybean (Glycine max (Merrill)) genotypes with contrasting growth characteristics subjected to planting density stress at different developmental stages

Effect of Different Soil Water Levels on Production and Abscission of Reproductive Organs of Soybean under High Temperature

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