Soybean (Glycine max L) Genotype and Environment Interaction Effect on Yield and Other Related Traits

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate genetic variability of five soybean genotypes, and assess genotype × environment effect on seed yield and yield related traits. Study Design: Split-plot, replicated three times. Genotypes were fixed effect while plots (main 60 m² and subplot 12 m²) were random effects. The sub-plot consists of 4 rows 5 m long with 60 cm and 10 cm inter and intra-row spacing. A strain of Rhizobium japonicum was used for inoculation at a rate of 10 g per kg of soybean seed using a sugary solution in 2009. Inoculation was not carried out due to the assumption that the field had the remnant of inoculum effect in 2010. All the recommended soybean agronomic practices were equally applied. Number of days to 50% flowering was recorded on plot basis when almost half of the sub-plot flowers. Ten plants were randomly selected on plot basis to quantify these traits: Plant height was measured as from ground surface to the base of meri-stem of the mother plant. Number of branches was computed as an average count of branches per plant. Leaf area was computed using Iamauti [12] empirical relationship. The first pod height was measured at full bloom. Number of seeds per pod was counted at physiological Research ArticleAmerican Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(4): 977-987, 2013 978 maturity of the crop. 100-seed weight was determined randomly from a seed bulk using a digital weighing machine. Seed yield was quantified after harvest and converted into kg/hectare. Results: The effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and G × E interactions on pod number per plant; plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, number of days to 50% flowering and seed yield were found significant at P=0.05. The highest mean seed yield was obtained from TGx 1937-1F (0.98 t/ha). Beside TGx 1740-2F, TGx 1904-6F and Soja were significantly higher than NA 5009 RG in all environments for seed yield. TGx 1937-1F was an intermediate maturing and best in terms of number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, and leaf area. Correlation coefficient for seed yield showed significant association with days to 50% flowering and leaf area. Conclusion: The best genotype for seed yield across the environments was TGx 1937-1F and TGx 1740-2F, TGx1904-6F and Soja were intermediate and NA 5009 RG was the least. Thus, partitioning G × E into adaptability and phenotypic stability will positively address the information gap on association of traits to yield.

Identification of Traits Contributing to High and Stable Yields in Different Soybean Varieties Across Three Chinese Latitudes

“…The improvement of soybean yield had become the problem that received the most attention in soybean production (Boerma and Specht, 2004). This study demonstrated that it was beneficial to cultivate soybeans with high yield by choosing higher plant height, more nodes of main stem, more branches, more pods, more grains, and longer growth periods, which was in accordance with previous research (Yadav et al, 2009;Luo, 2010;Aditya et al, 2011;Ngalamu et al, 2013;Islam and Rai, 2015;AbdulHamid et al, 2017;Nagarajan et al, 2017). However, the undesirable association of these yield-related traits was one of the most difficult challenges for crop breeders (Yan, 2014); for example, in this study we found that 100-grain weight was negatively correlated (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) with branches, pods, and grains (−0.31<r<−0.24).…”

“…The phenotypic data were ranked by individual cases and transformed into variables obeying standard normal distribution for the statistical analysis by SPSS 19.0 software (Field, 2013). The significance of interrelationships between 14 phenotypic variables across three locations was identified using Pearson's correlation coefficients of "Performance Analytics" package in R software (Micheaux et al, 2013). The correlation coefficients were formulated as follows (Wen et al, 2012):…”

Resistance and Correlation of Pod Shattering and Selected Agronomic Traits in Soybeans

“…Generally, late maturing genotypes were taller than medium or early maturing genotypes. These findings are consistent to Mahasi et al (2010) and Ngalamu et al (2013) who found that late maturing varieties are taller than early maturing varieties due to their genetic composition and longer period to utilize the available resources optimally.…”

Genotype x Environment Interaction Effects on Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and its Componentes of Some Faba Bean Genotypes.

“…The obtained results are in good agreement with those reported by Gurmu, et al (2009) and Amin (2010), who found significant genotype x environment interaction mean squares for soybean seed yield. Ngalamu et al(2013) found significant sowing date, year, genotype mean squares and significant interaction between genotype and year, genotype and sowing date and the second order interaction of genotype x year x sowing date mean squares for some soybean traits which agreed with the obtained results. Also, Hussein, et al (2006), Khalil et al(2011) andAbebe, et al (2015) reported that, significant genotype , environment and genotype x environment interaction and the environment explained higher sum of squares for the response variable seed yield of faba bean.…”