Soybean is a strategic crop of multipurpose use. Production and consumption of soybeans are increasing year by year, with new uses appeared. Soybean can become one of the key plants in bioeconomics. Food, fodder, technical, medical and pharmaceutical use of soybeans is diversified and requires specialized varieties with the target traits. This poses new challenges for breeders and, accordingly, for holders of germplasm collections that supply source material for breeding. VIR soybean collection for many years serves as a genetic source for breeding. Based on long-term phenotyping, the accessions are systematized by a number of traits. Rapid development of new molecular technologies, e.g. marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic breeding are targeted to optimize both creation of new varieties and searching for the necessary genotypes. A number of agronomically important quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been found for soybean (Y.