Soy Protein Intake, Cardiorenal Indices, and C-Reactive Protein in Type 2 Diabetes With Nephropathy

Abstract

OBJECTIVE -Several short-term trials on the effect of soy consumption on cardiovascular risks are available, but little evidence exists regarding the impact of long-term soy protein consumption among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. To determine the effects of long-term soy consumption on cardiovascular risks, we measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and kidney function indexes among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -This longitudinal randomized clinical trial was conducted among 41 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (18 men and 23 women).Twenty patients in the soy protein group consumed a diet containing 0.8 g protein/kg body weight (35% animal proteins, 35% textured soy protein, and 30% vegetable proteins) and 21 patients in the control group consumed a similar diet containing 70% animal proteins and 30% vegetable proteins for 4 years.RESULTS -Soy protein consumption significantly affected cardiovascular risks such as fasting plasma glucose (mean change in the soy protein versus control groups: Ϫ18 Ϯ 3 vs. 11 Ϯ 2 mg/dl; P ϭ 0.03), total cholesterol (Ϫ23 Ϯ 5 vs. 10 Ϯ 3 mg/dl; P ϭ 0.01), LDL cholesterol (Ϫ20 Ϯ 5 vs. 6 Ϯ 2 mg/dl; P ϭ 0.01), and serum triglyceride (Ϫ24 Ϯ 6 vs. Ϫ5 Ϯ 2 mg/dl; P ϭ 0.01) concentrations. Serum CRP levels were significantly decreased by soy protein intake compared with those in the control group (1.31 Ϯ 0.6 vs. 0.33 Ϯ 0.1 mg/l; P ϭ 0.02). Significant improvements were also seen in proteinuria (Ϫ0.15 Ϯ 0.03 vs. 0.02 Ϯ 0.01 g/day; P ϭ 0.001) and urinary creatinine (Ϫ1.5 Ϯ 0.9 vs. 0.6 Ϯ 0.3 mg/dl, P ϭ 0.01) by consumption of soy protein.CONCLUSIONS -Longitudinal soy protein consumption significantly affected cardiovascular risk factors and kidney-related biomarkers among type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

The Protective Effect and MoA of Panax notoginseng Saponins Combined with Aminoguanidine on Kidney in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats

“…Many experimental and clinical data suggest that inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokines and inflammatory mediators increase in DN [12][13]. A key role might be played by inflammation in the diabetic renal pathogenesis injury alone [14][15][16]. The results of this experiment also confirmed that the levels of ED-1, CRP and TNF-α in renal tissue increased in DN rats, indicating that there was a significant inflammatory reaction process in diabetic nephropathy.…”

Divergent anti-inflammatory effects of different oil acute consumption on healthy individuals

“…Interesting results have been reported by studies of soy consumption. Thus, TNF-a levels were significantly lower in the soy nut group compared with the soy protein and control groups as this was demonstrated by Azadbakht et al (2008) implying a role in the soya lipid fraction. In contrast to these findings, Jenkins et al (2002) showed that there was no significant effect on interleukin-6 or TNF-a in middle-aged men and women on the highisoflavone versus the low-isoflavone soy food diet.…”

Beneficial effects of rice endosperm protein intake in Japanese men with risk factors for metabolic syndrome: a randomized, crossover clinical trial

“…The efficacy of soy protein intake on lowering the risk of coronary heart disease has been accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration [10]. Consumption of soy protein significantly lowers cardiovascular risks by affecting fasting plasma glucose, TC, LDL-C, serum TG, and C-reactive protein [11], and soy protein supplementation is thought to be an effective management strategy for metabolic and vascular diseases [12]. However, much less is known regarding the health benefits of rice protein.…”