Soy bean as a possible important source of allergy

Duke, W. W.

doi:10.1016/s0021-8707(34)90228-8

Cited by 67 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…84 As a result, the in vitro demonstration of antigen-specific antibody can be difficult. The antigenicity of soy protein, suspected since 1934, 85 was documented in low-risk infants by Eastham et al in 1982. 86 Intrauterine sensitization has been documented by demonstrating antigen-specific antibody in human amniotic fluid.…”

Section: Soy Protein-based Formulas and Prevention Of Atopic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Soy Protein-Based Formulas in Infant Feeding

Bhatia¹,

Greer²

2008

Pediatrics

321

333

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Soy protein-based formulas have been available for almost 100 years. Since the first use of soy formula as a milk substitute for an infant unable to tolerate a cow milk protein-based formula, the formulation has changed to the current soy protein isolate. Despite very limited indications for its use, soy protein-based formulas in the United States may account for nearly 25% of the formula market. This report reviews the limited indications and contraindications of soy formulas. It will also review the potential harmful effects of soy protein-based formulas and the phytoestrogens contained in these formulas.T HE AMERICAN ACADEMY of Pediatrics (AAP) is committed to the use of human milk as the ideal source of nutrition for infant feeding. However, by 2 months of age, the majority of infants in North America are receiving at least some formula. Soy-based infant formulas have been available for almost 100 years. 1 Despite limited indications, soy protein-based formula accounts for approximately 20% of the formula market in the United States. Because an infant formula provides a source of nutrition for an extended interval, its nutritional adequacy must be proven, and the indications for its use must be substantiated and well understood. This statement updates the 1998 AAP review of soy protein-based formulas and addresses the ongoing concern of phytoestrogens in soy formulas. COMPOSITIONIsolated soy protein-based formulas currently on the market are all free of cow milk protein and lactose and provide 67 kcal/dL. All are iron-fortified and meet the vitamin, mineral, and electrolyte specifications addressed in the 2004 guidelines from the AAP for feeding term infants 2 and established by the US Food and Drug Administration. 3 The protein is a soy isolate supplemented with L-methionine, L-carnitine, and taurine to provide a protein content of 2.45 to 2.8 g per 100 kcal or 1.65 to 1.9 g/dL. The fat content of soy protein-based formulas is derived primarily from vegetable oils. The quantity of specific fats varies by manufacturer and is usually similar to those in the manufacturer's corresponding cow milk-based formula. The fat content ranges from 5.02 to 5.46 g per 100 kcal or 3.4 to 3.6 g/dL. The oils used include soy, palm, sunflower, olein, safflower, and coconut. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids now are added routinely.In formulas, carbohydrate sources are corn maltodextrin, corn syrup solids, and sucrose, with content ranging from 10.26 to 10.95 g per 100 kcal or 6.9 to 7.4 g/dL. Until 1980, mineral absorption from soy formulas was erratic because of poor stability of the suspensions and the presence of excessive soy phytates. 4 Because soy protein isolate formulas still contain 1.5% phytates, and up to 30% of the total phosphorus is phytate bound, they contain 20% more calcium and phosphorus than cow milk-based formulas and maintain the ratio of calcium to available phosphorus of 1.1 to 2.0:1. With the current formulations, bone mineralization, serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus, and alka...

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Section: Soy Protein-based Formulas and Prevention Of Atopic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Soy Protein-Based Formulas in Infant Feeding

Bhatia¹,

Greer²

2008

Pediatrics

321

333

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…55 As a result, the in vitro demonstration of antigen-specific antibody can be difficult. The antigenicity of soy protein, suspected since 1934, 56 was documented in low-risk infants by Eastham et al 57 in 1982. Intrauterine sensitization has been documented by demonstrating antigen-specific antibody in human amniotic fluid.…”

Section: Antigenicity Of Soy Protein-based Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Protein-based Formulas: Recommendations for Use in Infant Feeding

1998

Pediatrics

216

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ABSTRACT. The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to the use of maternal breast milk as the ideal source of nutrition for infant feeding. Even so, by 2 months of age, most infants in North America are formula-fed. Despite limited indications, the use of soy protein-based formula has nearly doubled during the past decade to achieve 25% of the market in the United States. Because an infant formula provides the largest, if not sole, source of nutrition for an extended interval, the nutritional adequacy of the formula must be confirmed and the indications for its use well understood. This statement updates the 1983 Committee on Nutrition review 1 and contains some important recommendations on the appropriate use of soy protein-based formulas.ABBREVIATION. IgE, immunoglobulin E.

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“…Exposure to soybean dust and flour has been reported to cause occupational allergic asthma in persons working in a variety of occupations, such farmers, mill workers, soybean handlers and bakers (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). It has been established that the allergens responsible for occupational asthma in bakers exposed to soy flour are not the same as those involved in soy dust-induced asthma epidemics, and the proteins causing both these conditions may differ from those involved in cases of adverse reactions following oral ingestion of soy (19).…”

Section: Occupational Asthma Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allergen exposure has been assessed for enzymes such as papain in the meat processing industry, fungal α-amylase in the baking industry, egg protein, pig and cow urinary and dander proteins in agriculture, wheat allergens, and rat and mouse urinary allergens (26). The first reports of soy allergy were occupation-related and occurred in soybean mill workers (11). To evaluate differences in quality and quantity of soy aeroallergens among different worksites and assess the suitability of different immunoassays to measure workplace soy aeroallergens levels, a large series of airborne samples were collected in three European countries in soy plants, animal feed industries and in pig farms (36).…”

Section: Monitoring Soy Aeroallergens Causing Occupational Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%