Sox9 and programming of liver and pancreatic progenitors

Kawaguchi, Yoshiya

doi:10.1172/jci66022

Cited by 99 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Sox2, Oct4, Klf4) [7,8,9,10] or immediately after implantation (e.g. Sox9) [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Among these common markers, we must now include the GFR-alpha/RET [a tyrosine kinase receptor with 4 ‘alpha' coreceptors (GFRa1-1) and 4 respective ligands (GDNF, NRTN, ARTM, PSPN)] family of receptors, first described in 2009 for the pituitary stem cells but also demonstrated in testes ASC and in the preimplantation blastocyst [18,19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

et al. 2015

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The recent demonstration using genetic tracing that in the adult pituitary stem cells are normally recruited from the niche in the marginal zone and differentiate into secretory cells in the adenopituitary has elegantly confirmed the proposal made when the pituitary stem cell niche was first discovered 5 years ago. Some of the early controversies have also been resolved. However, many questions remain, such as which are the markers that make a pituitary stem cell truly unique and the exact mechanisms that trigger recruitment from the niche. Little is known about the processes of commitment and differentiation once a stem cell has left the niche. Moreover, the acceptance that pituitary cells are renewed by stem cells implies the existence of regulated mechanisms of cell death in differentiated cells which must themselves be explained. The demonstration of an apoptotic pathway mediated by RET/caspase 3/Pit-1/Arf/p53 in normal somatotrophs is therefore an important step towards understanding how pituitary cell number is regulated. Further work will elucidate how the rates of the three processes of cell renewal, differentiation and apoptosis are balanced in tissue homeostasis after birth, but altered in pituitary hyperplasia in response to physiological stimuli such as puberty and lactation. Thus, we can aim to understand the mechanisms underlying human disease due to insufficient (hypopituitarism) or excess (pituitary tumor) cell numbers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

et al. 2015

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“…The Sox9 progenitor marker, a member of the SoxE subfamily, is important in embryonic and postnatal development (9) and participates in differentiation programs by activation of tissue-specific genes (26). In the pituitary gland, it has been postulated that the transcription factor Prop1 might play a role as a trigger in the terminal differentiation process of progenitor cells, leading to the development of endocrine cells (53,54).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The expansion of adult stem/progenitor cells and their marker expression fluctuations are linked with pituitary plastic adaptation during gestation and lactancy

Vaca

Guido

Sosa

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Extensive evidence has revealed variations in the number of hormone-producing cells in the pituitary gland, which occur under physiological conditions such as gestation and lactancy. It has been proposed that new hormone-producing cells differentiate from stem cells. However, exactly how and when this takes place is not clear. In this work, we used immunoelectron microscopy to identify adult pituitary stem/progenitor cells (SC/P) localized in the marginal zone (MZ), and additionally, we detected GFRa2-, Sox2-, and Sox9-positive cells in the adenoparenchyma (AP) by fluorescence microscopy. Then, we evaluated fluctuations of SC/P mRNA and protein level markers in MZ and AP during gestation and lactancy. An upregulation in stemness markers was shown at term of gestation (AT) in MZ, whereas there were more progenitor cell markers in the middle of gestation and active lactancy. Concerning committed cell markers, we detected a rise in AP at beginning of lactancy (d1L). We performed a BrdU uptake analysis in MZ and AP cells. The highest level of BrdU uptake was observed in MZ AT cells, whereas in AP this was detected in d1L, followed by a decrease in both the MZ and AP. Finally, we detected double immunostaining for BrdU-GFRa2 in MZ AT cells and BrdU-Sox9 in the AP d1L cells. Taken together, we hypothesize that the expansion of the SC/P niche took place mainly in MZ from pituitary rats in AT and d1L. These results suggest that the SC niche actively participates in pituitary plasticity during these reproductive states, contributing to the origin of hormone cell populations.

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“…Several Reviews in the series focus on the role of liver progenitors because an emerging consensus suggests that these cells play pivotal roles in both adult liver regeneration and carcinogenesis. Yoshiya Kawaguchi summarizes evidence that Sox9, a transcription factor that programs pancreatic and liver progenitors during development, also regulates the fates of adult progenitors in these tissues (16). He also describes the technical challenges of mapping the fates of adult progenitors and the controversies that have resulted, as well as the immediate opportunities to advance mechanistic understanding of adult regeneration by targeting pathways that are known to control lineage decisions during embryogenesis.…”

Section: Review Objectives -Profiling Liver Repair's Supporting Castmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying potential: cellular and molecular determinants of adult liver repair

Diehl

Chute²

2013

J. Clin. Invest.

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The liver has a unique and extraordinary capacity for regeneration, even in adult organisms. This regenerative potential has traditionally been attributed to the replicative capabilities of mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, though emerging evidence suggests that other resident liver cell types such as progenitors, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells respond to liver injury and contribute to repair. These other cells types are also associated with liver scarring, dysfunction, and carcinogenesis, which suggests that appropriate regulation of these cells is a major determinant of response to liver injury. The Reviews in this series explore possible contributions of liver progenitor cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells to liver homeostasis and repair and highlight how these processes can go awry in chronic liver injury, fibrosis, and liver cancer.

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Sox9 and programming of liver and pancreatic progenitors

Cited by 99 publications

References 81 publications

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

Pituitary Cell Turnover: From Adult Stem Cell Recruitment through Differentiation to Death

The expansion of adult stem/progenitor cells and their marker expression fluctuations are linked with pituitary plastic adaptation during gestation and lactancy

Underlying potential: cellular and molecular determinants of adult liver repair

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