SOX2 gene amplification and protein overexpression are associated with better outcome in squamous cell lung cancer

Wilbertz, Theresia; Wagner, Patrick; Petersen, Karl-Georg; Stiedl, Ann-Cathrin; Scheble, Veit; Maier, Sebastian; Reischl, Markus; Mikut, Ralf; Altorki, Nasser K.; Moch, Holger; Fend, Falko; Staebler, Annette; Bass, Adam J.; Meyerson, Matthew; Rubin, Mark A.; Soltermann, Alex; Lengerke, Claudia; Perner, Sven

doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.49

Cited by 167 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…43 SOX2 expression is associated with a better outcome in squamous cell lung cancer. 44 On the basis of the abilities for tumor initiation, self-renewal and differentiation, various putative cancer stem-like cell/tumor-initiating cell markers have been used. 45 As these markers (such as side population, CD44 þ /CD24-, CD133 þ , ALDH1, SOX2, Oct3/4, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic impact of the expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 in urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract

et al. 2013

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and sex determining region-Y-related high mobility group box 2 (SOX2) have been identified as putative cancer stem-like cell/tumor-initiating cell markers in various cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic impact of these putative cancer stem-like cell/tumorinitiating cell markers in upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for ALDH1 and SOX2 was carried out on archival specimens from 125 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The prognostic value of ALDH1 and SOX2 expression and other clinicopathological features was evaluated. On univariate analysis, tumor grade, pathological T stage, pathological N stage, lymphovascular invasion, ALDH1 expression and SOX2 expression were associated with a poor prognosis. On multivariate analysis, the independent factors of prognosis were tumor grade (P ¼ 0.014), pathological N stage (P ¼ 0.005) and ALDH1 expression (P ¼ 0.002). In subgroup analysis, those subgroups with no positive, one positive or two positive results in immunohistochemistry for ALDH1 and SOX2 expression had estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of 80%, 49% and 22%, respectively (Po0.001). Neither ALDH1 nor SOX2 expression correlated with intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. These findings suggest that cancer stem-like cells/tumor-initiating cells are linked to more aggressive behavior of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma, supporting the current cancer stem cell hypothesis. Thus, therapeutic targeting of cancer stem-like cells/tumor-initiating cells in upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma is a future possibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic impact of the expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 in urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract

et al. 2013

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“…These findings are valuable in providing useful information for developing a novel classification system and therapeutic strategies for HNSCC (64). However, the opposite viewpoint from certain studies supported that increased levels of SOX2 was significantly associated with better prognosis in the patients of OSCC and squamous cell lung cancer (69,79).…”

Section: Sox2 In Osccmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, the mechanism by which miR-107 regulates SOX2 expression in HNSCC is unclear. Studies indicate that SOX2 is amplified in numerous types of tumors, which is associated with the indicators of a favorable prognosis (69). SOX2 overexpression has been demonstrated to deregulate genes in malignant processes, cellular migration and anchorage-independent growth (70).…”

Section: Sox2 In Osccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Ren

Zhang

2016

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are a growing problem in the world. The various existing treatments have not markedly improved the survival rate of patients with OSCC during the past three decades. Novel treatment strategies are required. Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency and in multiple developmental processes. SOX2 expression was indicated to act as a prognostic factor in various types of tumors, including breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancer and glioblastoma, and as a link between malignancy and stemness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for the genesis, growth and metastatic spread of tumors. The poor survival outcomes for OSCC patients may be attributable to a poor selection of target cells for treatment, as current oral cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor. Therefore, the consideration that novel approaches to oral cancer may be targeted using SOX2 and CSCs appears reasonable. In order to better understand the oncogenic roles and the corresponding signal transduction pathways of the SOX2 protein, the present study emphasizes the role of SOX2 in OSCC, including the proteins associated with OSCC, and reviews the literature regarding the role of SOX2 in lymph node metastasis. The aim of the present study is to provide a reference for future studies that engage in research on the aforementioned subject.

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“…There is growing evidence to suggest that this gene is essential for the maintenance of stem cell proliferation and differentiation capabilities (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the pluripotency markers Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 in human breast cancer cell lines

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated that pluripotency-associated transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2, play a crucial role in the development and malignant progression of various types of tumors. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among females, being a heterogeneous disease, with distinct morphologies, metastatic behavior and therapeutic responses. The expression of Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 in 3 human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T-47D and MDA-MB-231, was determined. The expression of Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression was detected by immunocytohistochemistry. RT-PCR revealed that all three human breast cancer cell lines tested expressed evident Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 mRNA at various levels. Higher levels of Oct3/4 were identified in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared with T-47D cells. Higher levels of Nanog were observed in MCF7 and T-47D cells compared with MDA-MB-231 cells and the highest expression of Sox-2 was detected in MCF7 cells. The nuclear localization of Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 was confirmed by immunostaining. Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 were expressed in human breast cancer cell lines. Further studies are required to characterize the role of Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 in human breast cancer.

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SOX2 gene amplification and protein overexpression are associated with better outcome in squamous cell lung cancer

Cited by 167 publications

References 31 publications

Prognostic impact of the expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 in urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract

Prognostic impact of the expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 in urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract

Expression of SOX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the association with lymph node metastasis

Expression of the pluripotency markers Oct3/4, Nanog and Sox2 in human breast cancer cell lines

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