Sox10 Is a Specific Biomarker for Neural Crest Stem Cells in Immunohistochemical Staining in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objective. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are prototypically migratory cells immigrating from the dorsal neural tube to specific embryonic sites where they generate a variety of cell types. A lot of biomarkers for NCSCs have been identified. However, which biomarkers are the most specific is still unclear. Methods. The rat embryos harvested in embryonic day 9 (E9), E9.5, E10, E10.5, E11, E12, E13, and E14 were paraffin-embedded and sectioned in transverse. NCSCs were spatiotemporally demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. NCSCs were isolated, cultured, and stained with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. Results. In the paraffin sections of rat embryos, the immunohistochemical staining of RET, p75NTR, and Sox10 can all be used in demonstrating NCSCs. Sox10 was positive mainly in NCSCs while RET and p75NTR were positive not only in NCSCs but also in other tissue cells. In primary culture cells, Sox10 was mainly in the nucleus of NCSCs, RET was mainly in the membrane, and p75NTR was positive in cytoplasm and membrane. Conclusions. Sox10 is the specific marker for immunohistochemical staining of NCSCs in paraffin sections. In cultured cells, Sox10, p75NTR, and RET presented a similar staining effect.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of neurofibromas reveals a tumor microenvironment favorable for neural regeneration and immune suppression in a neurofibromatosis type 1 porcine model

“…Taken together, we provide evidence that each group of fibroblasts is specialized for a unique role in the tumor microenvironment. Despite high expression of neuronal-associated markers in some fibroblast clusters, all were negative for neural crest lineage marker SOX10 ( Figure 4C ) ( 119 – 121 ). The absence of this lineage marker suggests these classes did not arise from neural crest stem cells but may be resident or recruited fibroblasts reprogrammed for the nerve regeneration microenvironment by tumorigenic Schwann cells.…”

Mechanisms involved in selecting and maintaining neuroblastoma cancer stem cell populations, and perspectives for therapeutic targeting

“…A central nervous system (CNS) neural stem cell-like origin has also been proposed as an origin for some N-Myc amplified NBs, as ectopic N-Myc expression in avian NC cells promotes NC cell conversion to neural stem cells (SCs) that exhibit trunk migration and inadvertent colonization of sympathetic chain ganglia, as a potential primed NC origin for NB, helping to explain gene expression patterns in some N-Myc amplified NBs[ 76 ]. A sympathoadrenal progenitor origin for NB is supported by transgenic mouse models of NC targeted N-Myc and ALK F1174L expression, which results in perinatal lethality, indicating the NC cannot support oncogenic transformation in vivo , and the absence of the NCSC marker Sox10 and NSCS gene regulatory network expression in human NBs and NB cell lines, contrasting with Sox9 and Sox9-regulated gene expression, consistent with a sympathoadrenal (SA) rather than NC progenitor origin[ 77 ]. Furthermore, the migratory behaviour of human NB grafts in avian embryonic NC recapitulates the collective migratory behaviour of SA progenitors, avoiding endogenous no go areas and coalescing in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla, which are SA progenitor target sites[ 78 , 79 ].…”