“…Yet, a significant number of commentators agree that Weber’s typology is missing a non-formal rational authority. They have typically added a fourth type: “professional” (Parsons, 1947), “competent” (Wrong, 1988), “goal-rational” (Rigby, 1982), “value-rational” (Satow, 1975; Spencer, 1970), “ideological” (Turner, 2008; Willer, 1967), “performance” (Zhao, 2009) and “charisma of reason” (Breuer, 1992, 1996). 9 As is shown in Table 1, almost all of them point to the legitimating role of instrumental and value rationality in empirical cases not accounted for by Weber’s tripartite typology – most notably, communist leaders and professionals.…”