The author examines the trajectory that United Nations (UN) peace operations in Africa have taken over the past 10 years and provides an answer to the following interrelated questions: Why have UN peace missions in Africa dramatically grown in frequency and scope in the past 10 years, when Africa has become increasingly peaceful, and which variables have been critical to this dramatic growth? The author (a) empirically demonstrates the quantitative and qualitative growth of UN peace missions in Africa and (b) identifies systemic-, continental-, and individual-level variables that contributed to this growth. The author argues that the convergence of these variables at different levels has provided the conditions necessary and sufficient for changes in the frequency, nature, and scope of UN peace missions in Africa over the past 10 years.A frica has become the center of attention in the international community.This attention came about partly because of the existing instability in the oil-producing areas of the Middle East and the growing recognition of Africa as an alternative source of this commodity and partly because of Africa's strategic importance in the war on terror. As a result, foreign investments in the oil sector, foreign aid, and bilateral military agreements with other nations, especially the United States, have shown significant increases. More important, there have been significant increases in United Nations (UN) peace operations in Africa over the past 10 years. These increases coincided with the organizational challenges the UN faced, including the ongoing but so far futile attempts to expand the Security Council and the role (or lack thereof) the UN played before and after U.S. and allied troops invaded Iraq. These increases also coincided with, or immediately followed, many of the operational challenges and setbacks the UN suffered in