Southern Cone Initiative for the elimination of domestic populations of Triatoma infestans and the interruption of transfusion Chagas disease: historical aspects, present situation, and perspectives

Dias, João Carlos Pinto

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762007005000092

Cited by 202 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…Although Carlos Chagas described it 100 years ago (1909), it is still an important public health problem in Latin America (Rocha et al 2007). The main clinical symptoms of Chagas disease are cardiac and/or digestive alterations and the overall prevalence of the disease is about 12-14 million cases, which makes it the major cause of cardiac infectious disease in endemic areas (Stewart et al 2005, Dias 2007). In addition, despite fruitful attempts to control vectorial and blood transmission, Chagas disease still lacks prophylactic therapies and effective chemotherapeutic schemes (Rodrigues Coura & De Castro 2002, Dias 2007.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The main clinical symptoms of Chagas disease are cardiac and/or digestive alterations and the overall prevalence of the disease is about 12-14 million cases, which makes it the major cause of cardiac infectious disease in endemic areas (Stewart et al 2005, Dias 2007). In addition, despite fruitful attempts to control vectorial and blood transmission, Chagas disease still lacks prophylactic therapies and effective chemotherapeutic schemes (Rodrigues Coura & De Castro 2002, Dias 2007. Nifurtimox and benznidazole are used for the treatment of Chagas disease (Urbina 2002); although they are effective for the treatment of acute infections, they present moderate activity, exhibit undesirable side effects and require long dosing schedules for chronic infections, which frequently necessitate the cessation of treatment (Jannin & Villa 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The biological in vitro effect and selectivity of aromatic dicationic compounds on Trypanosoma cruzi

Silva

Batista

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite that causes Chagas disease, which affects millions of individuals in endemic areas of Latin America. One hundred years after the discovery of Chagas disease, it is still considered a neglected illness because the available drugs are unsatisfactory. Aromatic compounds represent an important class of DNA minor groove-binding ligands that exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This study focused on the in vitro activity of 10 aromatic dicationic compounds against bloodstream trypomastigotes and intracellular forms of T. cruzi. Our data demonstrated that these compounds display trypanocidal effects against both forms of the parasite and that seven out of the 10 compounds presented higher anti-parasitic activity against intracellular parasites compared with the bloodstream forms. Additional assays to determine the potential toxicity to mammalian cells showed that the majority of the dicationic compounds did not considerably decrease cellular viability. Fluorescent microscopy analysis demonstrated that although all compounds were localised to a greater extent within the kinetoplast than the nucleus, no correlation could be found between compound activity and kDNA accumulation. The present results stimulate further investigations of this class of compounds for the rational design of new chemotherapeutic agents for Chagas disease

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological in vitro effect and selectivity of aromatic dicationic compounds on Trypanosoma cruzi

Silva

Batista

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Although a detailed global incidence or prevalence of the infection and disease by an updated epidemiological and serological inquiry is lacking, Dias (2007) estimates that the number of infected individuals in Latin America ranges from 12-14 million people in 18 endemic countries. Statistics show that the clinical severity of the disease often leads to death, indicating that approximately 21,000 people per year die from this disease (Urbina & Do Campo 2003).…”

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15d-PGJ2 modulates acute immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Rodrigues

Miguel

Chica

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction in the heart characterised by a massive infiltration of immune cells that is dependent on the T. cruzi strain and the host response. 15d-PGJ2 belongs to a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds with possible clinical applications. We evaluated the effects of 15d-PGJ2 administered during the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in mice. Mice were infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and subsequently treated with 15d-PGJ2 repeatedly for seven days. The inflammatory infiltrate was examined by histologic analysis. Slides were immunohistochemically stained to count the number and the relative size of parasite nests. Infection-induced changes in serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The results demonstrated that treatment with 15d-PGJ2 reduced the inflammatory infiltrate in the skeletal muscle at the site of infection and decreased the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the blood. In addition, we found that 15d-PGJ2 led to a decrease in the relative volume density of amastigote nests in cardiac muscle. T. cruzi-infected animals treated with 15d-PGJ2 displayed a statistically significant increase in IL-10 levels with no change in IFN-γ levels. Taken together, we demonstrate that treatment with 15d-PGJ2 in the acute phase of Chagas disease led to a controlled immune response with decreased numbers of amastigote nests, as measured by the volume density

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“…Aunque en la región del Amazonas existe transmisión de T. cruzi de baja intensidad con presentación de casos humanos autóctonos esporádicos, la enfermedad de Chagas no es endémica, debido a la ausencia de especies de triatominos adaptados a las viviendas humanas (Aguilar, et al, 2007;Dias, 2007). Los casos de Chagas agudo en su mayoría ocurrieron por transmisión oral.…”

Section: Transmisión En Los Países De La Amazoniaunclassified

“…Triatoma infestans es el principal vector en Brasil, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile y sur del Perú, sin embargo, existen otros vectores que invaden y colonizan las viviendas humanas como P. megistus, T. brasiliensis, T. sordida, T. pseudomaculata y R. nasutus (Dias, 2007). En esta región predomina TcII, TcV y TcVI en los ciclos domésticos de transmisión, generando el mayor número de cuadros clásicos de cardiopatía, megacolon y megaesófago de la enfermedad de Chagas en Latinoamérica.…”

Section: Transmisión En Los Países Del Cono Surunclassified

Ecoepidemiología de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores

Lounibos

2011

biomedica

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Las leishmaniasis son un conjunto de enfermedades causadas por diferentes especies de parásitos protozoarios intracelulares del género Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) que son transmitidas a los humanos por la picadura de un flebótomo hembra de la subfamilia Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). El vector se infecta con Leishmania spp. al tomar sangre de un reservorio mamífero infectado, en donde el parásito desarrolla parte de su ciclo de vida y quien es el responsable de mantener latente la infección en un foco de transmisión.En el hombre las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad pueden ser variables e incluir lesiones cutáneas, mucosas o viscerales dependiendo de una serie de factores, entre ellos la especie de parásito infectante, la respuesta inmune del huésped y factores inherentes a la saliva del insecto vector en el momento de la picadura.Estas parasitosis son prevalentes en diferentes hábitats desde bosque húmedo en Centroamérica y Suramérica hasta regiones desérticas y semidesérticas en Asia occidental y las Américas.En cada foco, la transmisión del parásito depende, entre otros, de condiciones microclimáticas específicas que definen los patrones temporales de abundancia cíclica anual de los vectores. Cada vector tiene intervalos específicos de transmisión que llega al punto máximo cuando su población presenta un mayor número de hembras con huevos listos para ser depositados.En conjunto, las leishmaniasis constituyen una enfermedad emergente, registrada en 88 países del mundo: 66 en el Viejo Mundo y 22 en el Nuevo Mundo; de ellos, 72 países están en desarrollo. El aumento en la distribución y en el número de casos obedece, principalmente, a cambios ambientales, tanto naturales como antrópicos, que favorecen el establecimiento o el aumento de las poblaciones de vectores en cercanía de asentamientos humanos, incrementando el problema de salud pública alrededor del mundo.La distribución de las leishmaniasis en un contexto ecológico es variable, incluye migraciones de los vectores o adaptaciones sucesivas del parásito a otros vectores. Un ejemplo es Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum que migró durante la colonización europea del Nuevo Mundo, desde el Mediterráneo a Latinoamérica, donde el parásito se adaptó a nuevos vectores en sus respectivos hábitats.Recientemente, en Colombia se detectó la migración de Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis desde los bosques de la Amazonía y la Orinoquía a dos hábitats diferentes: los valles andinos localizados por encima de los 1.000 msnm en el municipio de Chaparral (Tolima), y en Sucre, en la costa Caribe colombiana. Desde esta perspectiva, el conocer la distribución de los insectos vectores resulta de gran relevancia en salud pública ya que permite identificar las especies presentes en los focos de transmisión y hacer inferencias sobre vectores potenciales.En Colombia, actualmente, existen diferentes ciclos de transmisión de los parásitos del género Leishmania que van desde ciclos silvestres en las regiones selváticas, domésticos en varias áreas rurales del ...

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Southern Cone Initiative for the elimination of domestic populations of Triatoma infestans and the interruption of transfusion Chagas disease: historical aspects, present situation, and perspectives

Abstract: Created in 1991 by the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, the Southern Cone Initiative (SCI)

Cited by 202 publications

References 4 publications

The biological in vitro effect and selectivity of aromatic dicationic compounds on Trypanosoma cruzi

The biological in vitro effect and selectivity of aromatic dicationic compounds on Trypanosoma cruzi

15d-PGJ2 modulates acute immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Ecoepidemiología de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores

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