“…Such demand growth takes fundamentally different forms depending on the nature of existing infrastructure. In areas that already meet electricity demand with good reliability, as in many parts of the United States (US), the major conversation focuses on adapting and adding to existing infrastructure to accommodate electrification of uses that have historically relied on nonelectric carbon based fuels, such as natural gas for heating or industrial purposes or oil for transportation (Avendano and Rauss, 2019;Boßmann and Staffell, 2015;Philibert, 2019). This electricity demand growth is not primarily associated with satisfaction of additional demand for energy services, as it represents fuel switching rather than fulfilling an unmet need for energy.…”