Southern Africa, 1795–1910

Saunders, Christopher; Smith, Iain

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0026

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…10 Diamond and gold strikes prompted a settler boom in the region, while imports through Cape Town more than doubled between 1871 and 1875, and by 1886 1,000 miles of new railway lines connected the centres of mineral extraction in the interior with the seaports of Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, and Durban. 11 Further discoveries of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886 and of coal in Natal further fuelled a mineral revolution and 'led to the development of by far the most industrialized economy on the African Continent'. 12 By 1898 the Boer South African Republic had become the world's largest producer of gold, accounting for nearly 28% of output.…”

Section: Americans Among the Uitlandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering inter-imperialism: American miners and the transformation of global mining, 1871–1910

Tuffnell¹

2015

Journal of Global History

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This article examines the transnational circulation of American mine engineers between the United States, southern Africa, and the Americas in the late nineteenth century. Technology and knowledge was diffused worldwide with the circulation of American engineers who styled themselves as expert race managers as they compared the labour practices of mines across the world. The article's focus is the extension of the United States' global footprint to South Africa, where an expatriate 'colony' of American engineers created a resilient form of Anglo-American inter-imperial collaboration. As they worked the Rand, American engineers made transnational comparisons of South African and North and South American mines. In the process, they led a global discussion of the efficiency of mining labour that reified white management of other races. After leaving the Rand, American engineers migrated across the globe, many to Mexico, where the interwoven networks of expert knowledge, industrial capitalism, and transnational race-making that characterized late nineteenth-century global mining followed.Central to the transformation of global mining in the late nineteenth century was a transnational elite of American engineers. Expertise, technology, and management techniques circulated mineral industries around the globe through the conduit of American engineers. This class of industrial professionals were also the agents of a form of interimperial collaboration between British financial capital and American expertise that transformed the management of global mining in formal and informal imperial contexts across the world.

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Section: Americans Among the Uitlandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering inter-imperialism: American miners and the transformation of global mining, 1871–1910

Tuffnell¹

2015

Journal of Global History

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“…The colony's territorial holdings, however, grew extensively over the same period -doubling between the mid-1830s and the mid-1850s. 70 The British presence, as a result, increasingly stretched beyond the formal boundaries of the Cape Colony and encroached upon Xhosa ancestral lands. The outcome was one of constant conflict.…”

Section: Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1857 Indian Uprising and the British Empire

Bender

2015

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Situating the 1857 Indian uprising within an imperial context, Jill C. Bender traces its ramifications across the four different colonial sites of Ireland, New Zealand, Jamaica, and southern Africa. Bender argues that the 1857 uprising shaped colonial Britons' perceptions of their own empire, revealing the possibilities of an integrated empire that could provide the resources to generate and 'justify' British power. In response to the uprising, Britons throughout the Empire debated colonial responsibility, methods of counter-insurrection, military recruiting practices, and colonial governance. Even after the rebellion had been suppressed, the violence of 1857 continued to have a lasting effect. The fears generated by the uprising transformed how the British understood their relationship with the 'colonized' and shaped their own expectations of themselves as 'colonizer'. Placing the 1857 Indian uprising within an imperial context reminds us that British power was neither natural nor inevitable, but had to be constructed.

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“…Lord Kitchener, the commander-in-chief of the British forces in 1900-1902 had to admit to the arming of more than 10,000 men, but research into the topic has shown that David Lloyd George's estimation of approximately 30,000 was much more realistic. 50 What became more important was that the military conflict soon revealed the deficiencies of the British colonial military. Final victory was achieved only by quantitative superiority and by radicalizing the means of war, especially by the systematic destruction of Boers' farms and the deportation of women and children into newly established "concentration camps".…”

Section: The Boer War As a Crisis Of Imperial Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Nation-Building, War Experiences, And European Models

Leonhard¹

2014

Fighting for a Living

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At the crossroads of state-building, nation-building, and war experiences: the evolution of the model of a nation-in-arms The evolution of nations and nation-states was linked with experiences of war. 1 The long process of external and internal state-building was a history of warfare and its revolutionary impacts. Most of the numerous territorial states of the early modern period did not survive this violent restructuring of Europe. Between the last third of the eighteenth century and the end of the nineteenth century the number decreased from about 500 states around 1500 to about 20 around 1900. State-building, so much intensified between 1794 and 1815, was directly linked to the experience of wars, and the British war-state of the eighteenth century is a particular illustration of this fundamental aspect of modern history. 2 As a part of this complex process, justifications of war changed, pointing to the new meaning of nation and nation-state as dominant paradigms of political and social legitimacy. 3 But war not only accompanied the external processes of state-building. It also represented, from the 1750s onwards, a possible means of political emancipation and participation and hence became part of internal nationbuilding: this is why the modern concept of conscription is such a powerful analytical tool. War changed its character: from being merely dynastic affairs, and cabinet wars, fought with hired mercenaries from different countries who did not identify with an abstract notion of the nation, to wars fought, in theory at least, in the name of the whole nation and by the whole nation-in-arms. On the one hand, and from the last third of

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Southern Africa, 1795–1910

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Engineering inter-imperialism: American miners and the transformation of global mining, 1871–1910

Engineering inter-imperialism: American miners and the transformation of global mining, 1871–1910

The 1857 Indian Uprising and the British Empire

Nation-Building, War Experiences, And European Models

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